Method and system for providing renewable energy plant frequency response
A method for providing frequency response for a plant coupled to an electric power grid, the plant having an intermittent energy source, comprising: measuring frequency of the power output from the plant and determining a first difference between the measured frequency and a frequency reference; measuring power output from the plant and storing the measured power output as a stored value; while the first difference is within a deadband, determining a second difference as a difference between a power reference and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates over-frequency, determining the second difference as a difference between the stored value and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates under-frequency, setting the second difference equal to the power reference; generating an error by limiting a sum of the first and second differences between error limits; generating a control signal; and, applying the control signal to the source.
1. A method for providing frequency response for a renewable energy plant coupled to an electric power grid, the renewable energy plant having an intermittent energy source, the method comprising:
using a renewable energy plant control system, measuring frequency of the power output from the renewable energy plant and determining a first difference signal between the measured frequency and a frequency reference;
measuring power output from the renewable energy plant and storing the measured power output as a stored measured power output value;
while the first difference signal is within a predetermined frequency deviation deadband, determining a second difference signal as a difference between a power reference and the measured power output;
while the first difference signal indicates an over-frequency condition, determining the second difference signal as a difference between the stored measured power output value and the measured power output;
while the first difference signal indicates an under-frequency condition, setting the second difference signal equal to the power reference;
generating an error signal by limiting a sum of the first and second difference signals between predetermined minimum and maximum power error limits;
generating a control signal by applying the error signal to a controller; and,
applying the control signal to the intermittent energy source to control the power output therefrom.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power reference is disregarded while the first difference signal is outside of the predetermined frequency deviation deadband.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control signal controls the power output to gradually transition to the power reference when the first difference signal is within or returns to within the predetermined frequency deviation deadband.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transition is controlled by a configurable timer which delays the transition.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the power reference has associated therewith at least one of a ramp-up rate limit value and a ramp-down rate limit value.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the ramp-up rate limit value and the ramp-down rate limit value is user configurable.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency deviation and power output are measured at the intermittent energy source.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power output from the renewable energy plant is an active power output, wherein the power reference is an active power reference, wherein the minimum and maximum power error limits are minimum and maximum active power error limits, and wherein the power output from the intermittent energy source is an active power output.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermittent energy source includes a photovoltaic energy source.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermittent energy source includes a wind turbine.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermittent energy source is one or more intermittent energy sources.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable energy plant has at least one energy load coupled thereto.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable energy plant has at least one controllable load coupled thereto.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable energy plant has at least one energy storage coupled thereto.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controller is a proportional-integral (“PI”) controller or loop.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control signal is applied to the intermittent energy source to control the power output therefrom and to maintain power flow to and from the electric power grid coupled to the renewable energy plant.
17. A control system for providing frequency response for a renewable energy plant coupled to an electric power grid, the renewable energy plant having an intermittent energy source, the control system comprising:
a processor coupled to memory; and,
at least one of hardware and software modules within the memory and controlled or executed by the processor, the modules including computer readable instructions executable by the processor for causing the control system to implement the method of claim 1 .