Systems and methods for ozone water generator
A novel cell for generating ozonated water, the cell comprises a nafion membrane separating a diamond coated anode, and a gold surfaced cathode enclosed within a cell housing with the catalyst side of the nafion membrane facing the cathode. The cell housing has a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane, each housing portion having ridges to enhance substantially even flow of fluid over the cathode and anode. The housing portions contain O-rings in grooves to prevent leaks, and alignment features to keep the electrodes aligned. The cathode and anode have an array of holes allowing fluid to penetrate to the surface of the niobium membrane. Input ports allow fluid to flow into the housing and over the anode and cathode and then out of the housing through outlet ports. The housing may also incorporate an integrated spectral photometer including a bubble trap.
1. A cell system for ozonation of water comprising:
a cathode having a gold surface and an anode, separated by a polymer membrane, the anode and cathode each have an array of holes to allow water to flow through to the membrane;
a housing enclosing the cell and having a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane, the cathode housing portion comprising a first inlet and a first outlet through which a first flow path is formed therebetween configured to allow water to flow across the cathode and the anode housing portion comprising a second inlet and a second outlet through which a second flow path is formed therebetween configured to allow water to flow across the anode, each housing portion having ridges arranged to direct water flow substantially evenly over the cathode and the anode; and
first and second input ports and first and second output ports coupled to the first and second inlets and first and second outlets, respectively, of the housing to allow water to flow separately through both portions of the housing.
2. The cell of claim 1 wherein the membrane is a nafion membrane.
3. The cell of claim 2 further comprising a first O-ring between the cathode housing portion and the cathode in a groove in the cathode housing portion, and a second O-ring between the anode housing portion and the anode in a groove in the anode housing portion.
4. The cell of claim 1 wherein the anode is made of niobium.
5. The cell of claim 4 wherein the anode is plated on at least one side with a diamond layer.
6. The cell of claim 1 wherein the input ports are configured to be coupled to a pump to pump water through the housing and over the cathode and anode.
7. The cell of claim 5 wherein the diamond layer is doped with boron.
8. The cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode is made of stainless steel plated with gold.
9. The cell of claim 1 wherein the array of holes covers approximately 75 percent of each electrode's surface area exposed to the fluid.
10. The cell of claim 1 wherein the anode is composed of a niobium electrode having a textured surface which is coated with a diamond layer.
11. The cell of claim 1 wherein the anode is a thin niobium mesh coated with a layer of doped diamond.
12. The cell of claim 1 wherein the housing maintains alignment between the anode and the cathode.
13. The cell of claim 1 further comprising an integrated spectral photometer including a bubble trap to measure ozone concentration.
14. The cell of claim 1 wherein said ridges are formed in an inner surface of the cathode housing portion to redirect water flow through the first flow path from the first inlet to the first outlet so that water passes substantially evenly across the cathode and said ridges are formed in an inner surface of the anode housing portion to redirect water flow through the second flow path from the second inlet to the second outlets so that water passes substantially evenly across the anode, and so that said first and second flow paths are separate.
15. The cell of claim 1 wherein the water is a sterile water.
16. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the holes in the array of holes has a chamfered edge.
17. The cell of claim 1 wherein the first and second fluid flow paths are substantially parallel to surfaces of the cathode and the anode, respectively.
18. The cell of claim 9 wherein said array of holes is in a hex pattern.