In situ partially degradable separation interface for fabrication of complex near net shape objects by pressure assisted sintering
The invention relates to a process for fabricating complex mechanical shapes, and in particular to fabricating complex mechanical shapes using a pressure-assisted sintering technique to address problems relating to variations in specimen thickness and tooling, or densification gradients, by 3-D printing of a polymer model that is surrounded by and filled with sintering powder material, wherein the 3-D polymer model decomposed into a graphite interface layer and facilitates release of the cast, e.g. metal, metal-alloy, ceramic, etc., manufactured item.
1. A process for producing a sintered powder manufactured item, comprising the steps:
STEP 1-performing 3D printing of a polymer shell model, of a manufactured item, the polymer shell model prepared using an organic material selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), PC/ABS, polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS);
STEP 2-placing the polymer shell model in a die chamber having a tool punch;
STEP 3-loading powder sintering material into the die chamber on the polymer shell model to create a powder-encased polymer shell model, the powder sintering material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel powder, titanium alloy powder, chromium alloy powder, nickel alloy powder, aluminum alloy powder, mixed metal powder, and ceramic powder, the powder sintering material having a particle size of 20-200 microns;
STEP 4-vacuum or oxygen/hydrogen free atmosphere heating of the powder-encased polymer shell model to decompose the polymer shell model creating a graphite interface layer, said heating at 600-1000° C. for metal powder sintering material and 1000-2200° C. for ceramic powder sintering material;
STEP 5-sintering of the powder-encased polymer shell model; and
STEP 6-releasing a sinter-powder cast manufactured item from the die chamber using the tool punch.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum or oxygen/hydrogen free atmosphere heating is vacuum heating at a pressure of from 1-10 Torr.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum or oxygen/hydrogen free atmosphere is an atmosphere of inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, and helium, to provide an atmosphere conducive to sintering.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the powder sintering material is loaded in the die chamber around the polymer shell model and within the cavities of the polymer shell model, and wherein the powder sintering material loaded around the polymer shell model is the same or is different from the powder sintering material within the cavities of the polymer shell model, and wherein the sinter-powder cast manufactured item comprises a double-layer sinter-powder cast manufactured item, a dual metal sinter-powder cast manufactured item, a dual metal-ceramic sinter-powder cast manufactured item, or a dual ceramic sinter-powder cast manufactured item.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymer shell model comprises a polymer skeleton, wherein the powder sintering material is loaded into the polymer shell model and surrounding the polymer skeleton to form a powder-encased polymer shell and powder surrounded skeleton model, wherein the powder-encased polymer shell and powder surrounded skeleton model is sintered to create a sinter-powder cast manufactured item having internal complex parts.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the polymer shell model or polymer skeleton is coated by a ceramic powder sintering material to prevent eventual undesired carbonization reaction between the graphite powder formed from sintering the polymer shell model or polymer skeleton and the powder sintering material used to create the sinter-powder cast manufactured item.