Method of sealing off a cut off end of a subsea cable section
While laying a subsea cable, an exposed cut off end of the cable is exposed to water prior to permanently sealing off this cable end. To prevent damage to the cable due to contact with the often salt water, due to for example oxidation, a temporarily watertight seal is to be applied to the cut off end. A method for applying this seal is provided which comprises applying a mouldable sealant to the exposed end wherein the sealant acts as a watertight barrier between the water and the cut off end of the cable. The sealant may comprise an intermediate layer between the cut off end and a watertight outer layer arranged to increase adhesion between the cut off end and the outer layer. This allows a broader range of outer layer materials to be used as the outer layer material does not need to adhere directly with the cable.
1. A method for watertightly sealing off an exposed cut off end of a subsea cable, the subsea cable comprising a plurality of cores and jackets contained within an outer jacket, the method comprising:
applying an at least partly mouldable sealant to the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable, the at least partly mouldable sealant being mouldable at ambient temperature; and
allowing the at least partly mouldable sealant to cure or set such that the at least partly mouldable sealant is arranged to prevent water from entering the subsea cable and/or prevent water from contacting the plurality of cores;
wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant connects to and seals exposed ends of the jackets, and wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant is allowed to cure or set such that after curing or setting, a shape of the sealant is retained even in a sub sea environment, below a surface of the water.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the applying the at least partly mouldable sealant comprises:
applying an intermediate layer comprising a first material to at least part of the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable; and
applying an outer layer comprising a second material to the intermediate layer, such that the intermediate layer is provided at least partly between the outer layer and the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
at least one of the intermediate layer and the outer layer is arranged to prevent water from entering the subsea cable and/or prevent water from contacting the plurality of cores.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the outer layer is arranged to prevent water from contacting the intermediate layer.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the intermediate layer is arranged to bond with:
a material comprised by the jackets of the subsea cable; and
the second material comprised by the outer layer.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the first material is a glue, resin, cement, or any combination thereof.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the second material comprises a synthetic polymer or a biopolymer.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to applying the at least partly mouldable sealant, cleaning the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable to which the at least partly mouldable sealant is to be applied.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
after the at least partly mouldable sealant has been applied, providing an additional jacket over an outer circumference of the cut-off end of the subsea cable and/or over at least part of the at least partly mouldable sealant.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the additional jacket is arranged to radially clamp the subsea cable and the at least partly mouldable sealant.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the additional jacket comprises a tubular shaped mesh of strands braided such that an axial pull force applied to the mesh of strands results in an axial elongation thereof and a corresponding decrease in radius of the mesh of strands.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the additional jacket is used as an anchor to pull the subsea cable.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least partly moldable sealant also connects to an end face of the outer jacket.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:
providing the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable by cutting a subsea cable at sea prior to applying the at least partly mouldable sealant.
15. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising removing the at least partly mouldable sealant by removing the at least partly mouldable sealant itself or by cutting off the part of the cable to which the at least partly mouldable sealant is connected.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant is applied to the exposed cut off end by means of smearing, spraying, coating, rubbing spreading, and/or dipping by dipping the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable in a container of sealant.
17. A watertight subsea cable section, comprising:
a plurality of jackets and cores contained within an outer jacket;
a cut-off end formed by cutting the subsea cable in a direction substantially perpendicular to an elongation axis of the subsea cable, such that a cut-off surface is oriented perpendicular to the elongation axis of the subsea cable and the plurality of jackets of the cable, including the outer jacket, extend as far as the cores extend, the cut-off end exposing at least part of the plurality of jackets and cores; and
a layer of sealant applied to exposed ends of the plurality of jackets and cores, the sealant being cured or set such that a shape of the sealant is retained even in a sub sea environment, below a surface of the water and such that the layer of sealant is arranged to prevent water from contacting the cores, said sealant being mouldable at ambient temperature and connected to and sealing the exposed ends.
18. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 17 , wherein the layer of sealant comprises:
an outer layer; and
an intermediate layer provided between the outer layer and the cut off end of the subsea cable section.
19. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 18 , wherein at least one of the intermediate layer and the outer layer is arranged to prevent water from entering the subsea cable section and/or prevent water from contacting the cores.
20. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 19 , wherein the outer layer is arranged to prevent water from contacting the intermediate layer.
21. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 18 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least one of: a glue, a resin, and cement, and wherein the intermediate layer is arranged to bond with:
a material comprised by the plurality of jackets; and
a second material comprised by the outer layer.
22. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 18 , wherein the outer layer comprises a synthetic polymer.
23. The watertight subsea cable section according to claim 17 , further comprising an additional jacket arranged to radially clamp the subsea cable section and the layer of sealant.
24. A method for watertightly sealing off an exposed cut off end of a subsea cable, the subsea cable comprising a plurality of cores and jackets contained within an outer jacket, the method comprising:
cutting the subsea cable in a direction substantially perpendicular to an elongation axis of the subsea cable to create the exposed cut off end, such that a cut-off surface is oriented perpendicular to the elongation axis of the subsea cable and the jackets of the cable, including the outer jacket, extend as far as the plurality of cores extend;
applying an at least partly mouldable sealant to the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable, the at least partly mouldable sealant being mouldable at ambient temperature; and
allowing the at least partly mouldable sealant to cure or set such that the at least partly mouldable sealant is arranged to prevent water from entering the subsea cable and/or prevent water from contacting the plurality of cores;
wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant connects to and seals exposed ends of the jackets.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the cutting of the subsea cable results in the cut-off surface and only the cut-off surface is exposed, such that the jackets are further left intact as to not expose any part of a circumferential outer surface of any core of the plurality of cores.
26. A method for watertightly sealing off an exposed cut off end of a subsea cable, the subsea cable comprising a plurality of cores and jackets contained within an outer jacket, the method comprising:
cutting the subsea cable, forming the exposed cut off end, such that of the plurality of cores only an exposed axial end is visible, in an axial exposed cut off end,
applying an at least partly mouldable sealant to the exposed cut off end of the subsea cable, the at least partly mouldable sealant being mouldable at ambient temperature, such that the at least partly mouldable sealant is arranged to prevent water from entering the subsea cable and/or prevent water from contacting the plurality of cores;
wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant connects to and seals exposed ends of the jackets, and wherein the at least partly mouldable sealant is allowed to cure or set such that after curing or setting, a shape of the sealant is retained even in a sub sea environment, below a surface of the water.