Construction material assessment method and systems
Globally our environment comprises structures built to perform a meet different requirements including residential, commercial, retail, recreational and service infrastructure. Whilst, millions of tons of construction materials are deployed annually the quality control procedures in many instances have not changed to reflect today's demands. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide construction companies, engineering companies, infrastructure owners, regulators, etc. with means to automated testing/characterization of construction materials during at least one of its manufacture, deployment in construction and subsequent infrastructure life. It would be further beneficial for such automated methods to exploit self-contained data acquisition/logging modules allowing them to be employed with ease at the different points in the life cycle of a construction material and/or construction project.
1. A method of performing an assessment of a predetermined characteristic of a concrete structure comprising:
applying a narrow electrical pulse to a pair of first electrodes in contact with an area of the concrete structure containing a rebar;
measuring a time dependent voltage response from a pair of second electrodes in line with and between the pair of first electrodes and in contact with the area of concrete structure containing the rebar;
fitting the measured time dependent voltage response to a theoretical transient to establish a fitted transient function;
determining constants of the fitted transient function; and
determining one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements of an equivalent circuit model of the concrete structure containing the rebar in dependence upon the constants of the fitted transient function; and
the predetermined characteristic of the concrete structure is established in dependence upon the determined one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements of the equivalent circuit model of the concrete structure.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the fitted transfer function is V in (t)=V ex (A−Be −Dt ); and
the determined constants are A, B and D.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the equivalent circuit model comprises:
a pair of resistive elements (R C1 ) between each first electrode of the pair of first electrodes and its nearest second electrode of the pair of second electrodes;
a second resistive element (R C2 ) between the pair of second electrodes; and
a sub-circuit between the pair of second electrodes comprising:
a pair of third resistive elements (R C3 ), each third resistive element of the pair of resistive elements coupled from a second electrode of the pair of second electrodes to an end of a resistive-capacitive circuit; and
the resistive-capacitive circuit comprising a fourth resistive element (R C4 ) in parallel with a capacitive element (C DL ).
4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising
determining a cover depth of concrete above the rebar between the rebar and a device comprising the pair of first electrodes and the pair of second electrodes; and
employing the cover depth to provide an indirect measurement of a ratio of current flowing through R C2 to that flowing through R C3 .
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the fitted transfer function is V in (t)=V ex (A−Be −Dt );
the determined constants are A, B and D;
the equivalent circuit model comprises:
a pair of first resistive elements (R C1 ) between each first electrode of the pair of first electrodes and its nearest second electrode of the pair of second electrodes;
a second resistive element (R C2 ) between the pair of second electrodes; and
a sub-circuit between the pair of second electrodes comprising:
a pair of third resistive elements (R C3 ), each third resistive element of the pair of resistive elements coupled from a second electrode of the pair of second electrodes to an end of a resistive-capacitive circuit; and
the resistive-capacitive circuit comprising a fourth resistive element (R C4 ) in parallel with a capacitive element (C DL ); and
the determined constant A is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , and R C4 ;
the determined constant B is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , and R C4 ; and
the determined constant D is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , and C DL .
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the electrical pulse is one of a DC voltage pulse and a DC current pulse.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the electrical pulse is one of an AC voltage pulse and an AC current pulse.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising
determining a cover depth of concrete above the rebar between the rebar and a device comprising the pair of first electrodes and the pair of second electrodes; and
employing the cover depth of the concrete over the rebar in determining the one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the predetermined characteristic of the concrete structure is a corrosion rate of the rebar.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
the predetermined characteristic of the concrete structure is a resistivity of the concrete.
11. A system for performing an assessment of a predetermined characteristic of a concrete structure comprising:
a measurement device comprising:
a pair of first electrodes configured to be placed into contact with an area of the concrete structure containing a rebar;
a pair of second electrodes configured in line with and between the pair of first electrodes and to contact the area of the concrete structure containing the rebar whilst the pair of first electrodes are in contact with the area of the concrete structure containing the rebar;
an electrical circuit coupled to the pair of first electrodes for generating a narrow electrical pulse to a pair of first electrodes; and
a measurement circuit for measuring a time dependent voltage response from the pair of second electrodes; and
an analysis system executing instructions to configure the analysis system to perform a process comprising:
receiving the measured time dependent voltage response from the measurement device;
fitting the measured time dependent voltage response to a theoretical transient to establish a fitted transient function;
determining constants of the fitted transient function; and
determining one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements of an equivalent circuit model of the concrete structure containing the rebar in dependence upon the constants of the fitted transient response; and
the assessment of the predetermined characteristic of the concrete structure is established in dependence upon the determined one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements of the equivalent circuit model of the concrete structure.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the fitted transfer function is V in (t)=V ex (A−Be −Dt ); and
the determined constants are A, B and D.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the equivalent circuit model comprises:
a pair of resistive elements (R C1 ) between each first electrode of the pair of first electrodes and its nearest second electrode of the pair of second electrodes;
a second resistive element (R C2 ) between the pair of second electrodes; and
a sub-circuit between the pair of second electrodes comprising:
a pair of third resistive elements (R C3 ), each third resistive element of the pair of resistive elements coupled from a second electrode of the pair of second electrodes to an end of a resistive-capacitive circuit; and
the resistive-capacitive circuit comprising a fourth resistive element (R C4 ) in parallel with a capacitive element (C DL ).
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the fitted transfer function is V in (t)=V ex (A−Be −Dt );
the determined constants are A, B and D;
the equivalent circuit model comprises:
a pair of first resistive elements (R C1 ) between each first electrode of the pair of first electrodes and its nearest second electrode of the pair of second electrodes;
a second resistive element (R C2 ) between the pair of second electrodes; and
a sub-circuit between the pair of second electrodes comprising:
a pair of third resistive elements (R C3 ), each third resistive element of the pair of resistive elements coupled from a second electrode of the pair of second electrodes to an end of a resistive-capacitive circuit; and
the resistive-capacitive circuit comprising a fourth resistive element (R C4 ) in parallel with a capacitive element (C DL ); and
the determined constant A is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , and R C4 ;
the determined constant B is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , and R C4 ; and
the determined constant D is a function of R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , and C DL .
15. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising
determining a cover depth of concrete above the rebar between the rebar and a device comprising the pair of first electrodes and the pair of second electrodes; and
employing the cover depth to provide an indirect measurement of a ratio of current flowing through R C2 to that flowing through R C3 .
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the electrical pulse is one of a DC voltage pulse and a DC current pulse.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the electrical pulse is one of an AC voltage pulse and an AC current pulse.
18. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising
determining a cover depth of concrete above the rebar between the rebar and a device comprising the pair of first electrodes and the pair of second electrodes; and
employing the cover depth of the concrete over the rebar in determining the one or more electrical equivalent circuit elements.
19. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the predetermined characteristic of the concrete structure is either a corrosion rate of the rebar or resistivity of the concrete.