Systems and methods for addressing devices in a superconducting circuit
Superconducting integrated circuits may advantageously employ superconducting resonators coupled to a microwave transmission line to efficiently address superconducting flux storage devices. In an XY-addressing scheme, a global flux bias may be applied to a number of superconducting flux storage devices via a low-frequency address line, and individual superconducting flux storage devices addressed via application of high-frequency pulses via resonators driven by the microwave transmission line. Frequency multiplexing can be employed to provide signals to two or more resonators. A low-frequency current bias may be combined with a high-frequency current in one or more superconducting resonators to provide Z-addressing. A low-frequency current bias may be combined with a high-frequency current in one or more superconducting resonators to eliminate a flux bias line. A low-frequency current bias may be used at room temperature to identify the presence of a DC short, an open, and/or an unexpected resistance in a superconducting resonator.
1. A superconducting integrated circuit comprising:
a microwave transmission line;
a first superconducting flux storage device comprising a loop of material that is superconductive in a range of temperatures interrupted by a compound Josephson junction (CJJ), the CJJ comprising two parallel current paths each interrupted by a respective Josephson junction;
a first low-frequency address bias line;
a first address interface that inductively communicatively couples the first low-frequency bias address line to the first superconducting flux storage device; and
a first superconducting resonator communicatively coupled to the microwave transmission line;
a first signal interface that inductively communicatively couples the first superconducting resonator to the first superconducting flux storage device,
wherein the first address interface and the first signal interface are each operable to provide a respective flux bias to the first superconducting flux storage device.
2. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first superconducting flux storage device is addressed by a microwave signal carried by the first superconducting resonator.
3. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second superconducting resonator communicatively coupled to the microwave transmission line; and
a second signal interface that inductively communicatively couples the second superconducting resonator to the first superconducting flux storage device,
wherein the first address interface, the first signal interface and the second signal interface are each operable to provide a respective flux bias to the first superconducting flux storage device.
4. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein the first superconducting flux storage device is XY addressed by two microwave signals, a first one of the two microwave signals carried by the first superconducting resonator, and a second one of the two microwave signals carried by the second superconducting resonator.
5. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 4 , wherein the first and the second superconducting resonators have respective resonant frequencies.
6. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein the first superconducting flux storage device comprises a superconducting digital-to-analog converter (DAC), the superconducting DAC which is operable to perform latching, the first and the second superconducting resonators are communicatively coupled to the superconducting DAC, and the superconducting DAC is programmed by a low-frequency bias signal carried by the first low- frequency address bias line and by two microwave signals, which combine constructively to exceed a threshold address latching level.
7. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second superconducting flux storage device comprising a loop of material that is superconductive in a range of temperatures interrupted by a compound Josephson junction (CJJ), the CJJ comprising two parallel current paths each interrupted by a respective Josephson junction;
a second address interface that inductively communicatively couples the first low- frequency bias address line to the second superconducting flux storage device; and
a second signal interface that inductively communicatively couples the first superconducting resonator to the second superconducting flux storage device,
wherein the first address interface and the first signal interface are each operable to provide a respective flux bias to the first superconducting flux storage device, and the second address interface and the second signal interface are each operable to provide a respective flux bias to the second superconducting flux storage device.
8. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein the first superconducting resonator comprises at least one coupling capacitor and an inductance, the inductance electrically communicatively coupled in series with the at least one coupling capacitor.
9. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 8 , wherein the at least one coupling capacitor comprises a pair of coupling capacitors, the inductance electrically communicatively coupled in series between the pair of coupling capacitors.
10. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 9 , wherein the first superconducting resonator further comprises a shunting capacitor that provides an electrical path to an electrical ground.
11. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first superconducting resonator is at least one of: a distributed superconducting resonator and a lumped element superconducting resonator.
12. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first superconducting flux storage device comprises a superconducting digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that is operable to perform latching.
13. The superconducting integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
an array of superconducting resonators communicatively coupled to the microwave transmission line, the microwave transmission line which carries frequency domain multiplexed signals to the array of superconducting resonators.
14. A method of loading a superconducting flux storage device with a magnetic flux quantum, the superconducting flux storage device comprising a superconducting flux storage loop interrupted by a compound Josephson junction (CJJ), the method comprising:
setting a current bias line to a first current bias value;
setting a low-frequency address line to a first address line value;
setting the current bias line to a second current bias value to cause a current bias to be applied to the superconducting flux storage device;
setting the low-frequency address line to a second address line value to cause a flux bias to be applied to the CJJ of the superconducting flux storage device;
applying a first high-frequency pulse to the superconducting flux storage device by a microwave transmission line and at least a first superconducting resonator, the microwave transmission line communicatively coupled to the first superconducting resonator, and the first superconducting resonator communicatively coupled to the superconducting flux storage device, to cause a flux quantum to be added to the CJJ of the superconducting flux storage device;
setting the low-frequency address line to a third address line value to cause the flux quantum to be loaded into the superconducting flux storage loop of the superconducting flux storage device;
returning the current bias line to the first current bias value; and
returning the low-frequency address line to the first address line value, wherein applying a first high-frequency pulse to the superconducting flux storage device by a microwave transmission line and a first superconducting resonator includes causing a combined low-frequency and high-frequency signal level applied to the superconducting flux storage device to exceed a predetermined upper threshold.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein setting the low-frequency address line to a third address line value to cause the flux quantum to be loaded into the superconducting flux storage loop of the superconducting flux storage device comprises setting the low-frequency address line to a third address line value to cause the flux quantum to be loaded into a superconducting digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein applying a first high-frequency pulse to the superconducting flux storage device by a microwave transmission line and at least a first superconducting resonator comprises applying a set of frequency-domain multiplex signals to each of the first superconducting resonator and at least a second superconducting resonator.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
applying the first high-frequency pulse to a second superconducting flux storage device by the microwave transmission line and the at least a first superconducting resonator.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein applying a first high-frequency pulse to the superconducting flux storage device by a microwave transmission line and at least a first superconducting resonator comprises applying a first high-frequency pulse to a superconducting digital-to-analog converter (DAC) by the microwave transmission line and a first and at least a second superconducting resonator, the superconducting digital-to-analog converter (DAC) operable to perform latching.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising programming the superconducting DAC by a low-frequency bias signal carried by the first low-frequency address line and by two microwave signals, the low-frequency bias signal and the two microwave signals which combine constructively to exceed a threshold address latching level.