Nanoemulsions and a method for making the same
Nanoemulsions and a method for making the same are described. The nanoemulsions comprise a skin benefit agent in the water phase and they are made from two macroemulsions that have non-identical pH values.
1. A method for making an oil continuous nanoemulsion comprising the steps of:
(a) providing, separately, a first and a second oil continuous macroemulsion, the first macroemulsion having a water phase with a pH from 10 to 14 and skin benefit agent in the water phase and the second macroemulsion having a water phase with a pH from 2 to 5;
(b) mixing the first and second macroemulsions to produce a mixture of macroemulsions, the mixture of oil continuous macroemulsions comprising the water phases with a pH from 10 to 14 and a pH from 2 to 5; and
(c) shearing the mixture of macroemulsions to produce a nanoemulsion having a water phase, an oil phase and droplets of a particle size from 150 to 900 nm, the nanoemulsion comprising 0.15 to 5% by weight skin benefit agent in the water phase wherein the skin benefit agent is phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, cystine or a mixture thereof, and wherein a solubility of the skin benefit agent in the water phase of the nanoemulsion is 30 to 500 times greater than its natural solubility in water at 25° C., neutral pH and at atmospheric pressure.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the skin benefit agent is cystine and the nanoemulsion water phase comprises the cystine.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pH of the water phase of the first macroemulsion is 11 to 12.5 and the pH of the water phase of the second macroemulsion is 2 to 3.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second macroemulsions have water droplets with a particle size from 1 to 30 microns and the nanoemulsion has water droplets with a particle size from 275 to 825 nm.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the macroemulsions further comprises a pH adjuster selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, NaOH, KOH, H 2 SO 4 , HCL, citric acid and mixtures thereof.
6. A nanoemulsion made by the method of claim 1 .
7. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion comprises cystine, where cystine is present in the water phase and makes up from 0.5 to 3.5% by weight of the nanoemulsion.
8. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 where the nanoemulsion further comprises vitamin B3 and/or vitamin C in the water phase, and a resorcinol, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate or a mixture thereof in the oil phase.
9. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the droplets of the nanoemulsion have a particle size from 250 to 800 nm.
10. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion can be used with an end use composition to boost a benefit provided by the end use composition.
11. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, climbazole, farnesol, ursolic acid, myristic acid, geranyl geraniol, oleyl betaine, cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, hexanoyl sphingosine, 12-hydroxystearic acid, petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, terpineol, thymol or a mixture thereof.
12. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises 12-hydroxystearic acid, niacinamide or a mixture thereof.
13. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises 12-hydroxystearic acid.
14. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises vitamin A, D, E, K or a mixture thereof.
15. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises a retinoic acid precursor.
16. The nanoemulsion according to claim 6 wherein the nanoemulsion further comprises a retinyl propionate and a resorcinol.