Devices and methods for controlling needle reciprocation
An electronically power-adjusted tattoo machine, power supply, and methods for controlling needle reciprocation are disclosed. The dynamic power adjustment controls needle impact force of a tattoo machine through electronic circuitry which establishes a baseline current of a tattoo machine motor, monitors current drawn by the motor, and increases or decreases the voltage provided to the motor as the current changes. The rate and degree of voltage adjustment may be varied by user-defined settings.
1. A tattoo machine comprising:
a motor;
electronic give adjustment circuitry comprising a voltage regulator in electrical communication with the motor, a processor and a memory, wherein the electronic give adjustment circuitry performs operations comprising:
monitoring a current drawn by the motor, and
setting, based on the current drawn by the motor, an operating voltage provided to the motor from the power source via the voltage regulator, wherein the operating voltage is utilized for setting a reciprocating speed of a needle of the tattoo machine,
receiving a user-selectable give level, and
storing a give range in the memory.
2. The tattoo machine of claim 1 , wherein the operations of the electronic give adjustment circuitry further comprise: storing a plurality of machine current readings in the memory, calculating a machine current based upon the plurality of machine current readings, and storing the machine current in the memory.
3. The tattoo machine of claim 2 , wherein the operations of the electronic give adjustment circuitry further comprise calculating a threshold current based upon the machine current.
4. The tattoo machine of claim 3 , wherein the operations of the electronic give adjustment circuitry further comprise:
hysteretically decrementing the operating voltage supplied to the motor if the current drawn by the motor exceeds the threshold current; and
hysteretically incrementing the operating voltage supplied to the motor if the current drawn by the motor is below the threshold current.
5. The tattoo machine of claim 3 , wherein the operations of the electronic give adjustment circuitry further comprise adjusting the operating voltage only after receiving at least two consecutive machine current readings above or below the threshold current.
6. The tattoo machine of claim 5 , wherein the at least two consecutive machine current readings above the threshold current define a down-voltage state, and the at least two consecutive machine current readings below the threshold current define an up-voltage state, the down-voltage state, the up-voltage state, and a steady-voltage state collectively defining a voltage state.
7. The tattoo machine of claim 2 , wherein the operations of the electronic give adjustment circuitry further comprise filtering an irregular current reading drawn by the motor, wherein the filter prevents the electronic circuitry from changing the operating voltage in response to the irregular current reading.
8. The tattoo machine of claim 2 , wherein the electronic give adjustment circuitry further includes a ramp-down factor and a ramp-up factor, whereby the operating voltage is decremented by a multiple of the give level and the ramp-down factor and the operating voltage are incremented by a multiple of the give level and the ramp-up factor.
9. The tattoo machine of claim 2 , wherein the electronic give adjustment circuitry is further configured so that each hysteretical decrement and each hysteretical increment is defined by the operating voltage minus a product of the give level multiplied, respectively, by a ramp-down factor, or a ramp-up factor, the ramp-down factor and ramp-up factor each having a default value, and the ramp-down factor and the ramp-up factor each increasing upon each consecutive machine current reading above the threshold current, or below the threshold current, respectively.
10. The tattoo machine of claim 9 , wherein the operations of the electronic circuitry further comprise resetting the ramp-down factor and the ramp-up factor to the default value upon a change in the voltage state.
11. The tattoo machine of claim 2 , wherein the machine current is reestablished upon a triggering event.
12. The tattoo machine of claim 11 , wherein the triggering event comprises a change in the reference voltage, turning the tattoo machine on, a power cycling of the tattoo machine, removal of a power source, attachment of a power source, a manual trigger by a user manipulating a user input device, or a combination thereof.
13. The tattoo machine of claim 1 , wherein the electronic give adjustment circuitry is further configured to have a lower voltage limit stored in the memory and a reference voltage defining an upper voltage limit.
14. The tattoo machine of claim 1 , wherein an external device is configured to monitor the current drawn by the needling machine and control the electrical potential provided to the needling machine from the power source.