Protective internal coatings for porous substrates
A material contains open pores in which the channels and pores that are internally coated with at least one layer of phosphorus-containing alumina. Such material is formed by infiltrating a porous material one or more times with a non-colloidal, low-viscosity liquid coating precursor, drying, and curing the coating precursor to form a phosphorus-containing alumina layer within pores of the material.
1. A coated material, comprising:
a porous inorganic substrate having an internal pore system comprising internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the porous substrate, and having an initial open porosity with a mean pore diameter of up to 5 micrometers prior to coating; and
a cured phospho-alumina coating having a thickness of 1 nm to 500 nm that conformally coats walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels, the phosphor-alumina coating having an aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of 0.5:1 to 20:1;
wherein the internal pore system is substantially maintained such that the coated material comprises internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the coated material, and
wherein the coated material has an open porosity that is at least 50% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.
2. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the open porosity of the coated material is at least 90% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.
3. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the open porosity of the coated material is at least 95% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.
4. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the open porosity of the coated material is at least 98% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.
5. The coated material of claim 1 , the aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of the phospho-alumina coating being at least 1:1.
6. The coated material of claim 1 , the aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of the phospho-alumina coating being at least 2:1.
7. The coated material of claim 1 , the aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of the phospho-alumina coating being at least 4:1.
8. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is maintained as a protective barrier protecting the coated material from degradation of the internal pores after exposure to temperatures exceeding 500° C. in an oxidative environment.
9. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is maintained as a protective barrier protecting the coated material from degradation of the internal pores after exposure to temperatures exceeding 800° C. in an oxidative environment.
10. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is maintained as a protective barrier protecting the coated material from degradation of the internal pores after exposure to temperatures exceeding 1000° C. in an oxidative environment.
11. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is maintained as a protective barrier protecting the coated material from degradation of the internal pores after exposure to temperatures exceeding 1200° C. in an oxidative environment.
12. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the internal pores are at least a 90% surface area proportion of the substrate.
13. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the internal pores are at least a 98% surface area proportion of the substrate.
14. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating preserves or maintains at least one physical property comprising at least one property selected from a group consisting of mechanical properties, chemical properties, sintering resistance, thermal conductivity, strength, weight reduction, wear tolerance, and stress cracking resistance of the coated material that would degrade after exposure to temperatures above 800° C. absent the phosphor-alumina coating on the walls of the internal pores.
15. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is halide free.
16. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phosphor-alumina coating comprises a plurality of sub-layers, and the aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of any one of the sub-layers may be the same as or may be different than the aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of any other one of the sub-layers.
17. The coated material of claim 1 , wherein the phospho-alumina coating is at least 5 nm thick.
18. The coated material of claim 1 , the porous substrate being selected from a group consisting of: a ceramic material; a ceramic coating; a ceramic matrix composite; a metal; a metal alloy; metal oxides; carbides; nitrides; graphite; composite materials from carbon; composite materials from metal; particulate or fiber-reinforced metal or ceramic composites; metallic foams; oxides of aluminum, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, titanium, chromium, nickel, silicon, yttrium, or cerium; titanium alloys; nickel, cobalt or iron based superalloys; tungsten; rhenium; hafnium; aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, iron or cobalt in a form of sacrificial oxide formers; silicon carbide; silicon nitride; fused silica; aluminosilicates; perovskite oxides; pyrochlore oxides; carbon; and an inorganic structure that contains open pores that are stable at curing temperatures used to form the phosphor-alumina coatings.
19. A turbine engine component comprising the coated material of claim 1 .
20. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the initial open porosity prior to coating is an open pore network of mesopores.
21. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the initial open porosity prior to coating is an open pore network of macropores.
22. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the initial open porosity prior to coating is an open pore network with a combination of mesopores and macropores.
23. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the initial open porosity prior to coating is an open pore network with a mean pore diameter of up to 3 micrometers.
24. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the phospho-alumina coating on the walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels is 1 nm to 50 nm thick.
25. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the phospho-alumina coating on the walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels is 5 nm to 500 nm thick.
26. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the phospho-alumina coating on walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels is 5 nm to 100 nm thick.
27. The coated material of claim 1 wherein the phospho-alumina coating on walls of the internal pores and interconnected interior channels is 10 nm to 300 nm thick.
28. A coated material, comprising:
a porous inorganic substrate having an internal pore system comprising internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the porous substrate, and having an initial open porosity that is an open pore network of mesopores or macropores with a mean pore diameter of up to 5 micrometers prior to coating; and
a cured phospho-alumina coating having a thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm that conformally coats walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels, the phospho-alumina coating having an aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of 0.5:1 to 20:1;
wherein the internal pore system is substantially maintained such that the coated material comprises internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the coated material, and
wherein the coated material has an open porosity that is at least 50% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.
29. A coated material, comprising:
a porous inorganic substrate having an internal pore system comprising internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the porous substrate, and having an initial open porosity that is an open pore network of mesopores and macropores with a mean pore diameter of up to 5 micrometers prior to coating;
a cured phospho-alumina coating having a thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm that conformally coats walls of the internal pores and the interconnected interior channels, the phospho-alumina coating having an aluminum-to-phosphorous atomic ratio of 0.5:1 to 20:1,
wherein the internal pore system is substantially maintained such that the coated material comprises internal pores and interconnected interior channels in open communication with an exterior surface of the coated material, and
wherein the coated material has an open porosity of that is at least 50% of the initial open porosity of the porous substrate prior to coating.