Modular heat-transfer systems
Some modular heat-transfer systems can have an array of at least one heat-transfer element being configured to transfer heat to a working fluid from an operable element. A manifold module can have a distribution manifold and a collection manifold. A decoupleable inlet coupler can be configured to fluidicly couple the distribution manifold to a respective heat-transfer element. A decoupleable outlet coupler can be configured to fluidicly couple the respective heat-transfer element to the collection manifold. An environmental coupler can be configured to receive the working fluid from the collection manifold, to transfer heat to an environmental fluid from the working fluid or to transfer heat from an environmental fluid to the working fluid, and to discharge the working fluid to the distribution manifold.
1. A modular cooling system for cooling servers in a data center, the cooling system comprising:
a plurality of cooling nodes, each cooling node having an inlet and an outlet and being configured to transfer heat to a liquid within the cooling node from a heat source external to the cooling node, each cooling node comprising an independently controllable pump fluidically coupled with at least one corresponding heat sink, each independently controllable pump configured to urge a flow of the liquid through the respective cooling node, wherein the heat source external to each respective cooling node comprises an electronic component thermally coupled with the at least one heat sink corresponding to the respective cooling node, the at least one heat sink being configured to transfer heat to the liquid within the respective cooling node;
a distribution manifold configured to distribute the liquid among the plurality of cooling nodes and a collection manifold configured to receive the liquid from among the plurality of cooling nodes;
a liquid-liquid heat exchanger configured to reject heat from the liquid collected from among the plurality of cooling nodes to another liquid passing through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, wherein the liquid collected from among the plurality of cooling nodes and the other liquid passing through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger remain fluidically isolated from each other;
a sensor configured to observe a physical parameter of the cooling system and to emit a signal corresponding to an observed measure of the physical parameter; and
a controller so operatively coupled with each independently controllable pump as to be configured to control the flow of the liquid through each respective cooling node independently of the other cooling nodes and responsive to the signal emitted by the sensor, and thereby, to tailor the cooling provided by each respective cooling node independently of the other cooling nodes in response to the observed measure of the physical parameter,
wherein the cooling system includes no pumps other than the pumps corresponding to the cooling nodes.
2. A modular cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a leak-detection sensor and the controller is configured to alter operation of the cooling system responsive to an output from the leak-detection sensor.
3. A modular cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a first sensor and the physical parameter of the cooling system is a first physical parameter of the liquid, wherein the modular cooling system further comprises a second sensor configured to observe a second physical parameter of the liquid and to emit a signal corresponding to an observed measure of the second physical parameter, wherein the controller is further configured to control the flow of the liquid through each respective cooling node independently of the other cooling nodes responsive to the signal emitted by the first sensor and the signal emitted by the second sensor.
4. A modular cooling system according to claim 3 , wherein the first physical parameter is a coolant temperature in a selected first one of the cooling nodes and wherein the second physical parameter is a coolant temperature in a selected second one of the cooling nodes, wherein the controller is configured to control the flow rate of coolant through the one of the cooling nodes to tailor the rate of cooling provided by the first one of the cooling nodes, and wherein the controller is further configured to control the flow rate of coolant through the second one of the cooling nodes to tailor the rate of cooling provided by the second one of the cooling nodes independently of the rate of cooling provided by the first one of the cooling nodes.
5. A modular cooling system according to claim 1 , further comprising a chassis configured to mountably receive a plurality of servers, wherein a first one of the cooling nodes corresponds to one of the servers and wherein a second one of the cooling nodes corresponds to another one of the servers.
6. A modular cooling system according to claim 5 , wherein the chassis mountably supports the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, the distribution manifold, and the collection manifold.
7. A modular cooling system for a plurality of rack-mounted servers, the modular cooling system comprising:
a distribution manifold having an inlet and a plurality of outlets, the plurality of outlets being configured to distribute liquid coolant among a plurality of heat-transfer branches;
a collection manifold having a plurality of inlets and an outlet, the plurality of inlets being configured to collect liquid coolant from the plurality of heat-transfer branches;
a source of cool facility liquid and a sink for heated facility liquid;
a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger configured to facilitate heat transfer between a first liquid and the facility liquid, the first liquid and the facility liquid being fluidly isolated from each other, wherein the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger has an inlet and an outlet corresponding to the first liquid and an inlet corresponding to the source of cool facility liquid and an outlet corresponding to the sink for heated facility liquid, wherein the outlet of the collection manifold is fluidly couplable with the inlet corresponding to the first liquid, wherein the inlet of the distribution manifold is fluidly couplable with the outlet corresponding to the first liquid;
a first heat-transfer branch having an inlet fluidly couplable with a corresponding outlet from the distribution manifold, the first heat-transfer branch having an outlet fluidly couplable with a corresponding inlet of the collection manifold, wherein the first heat-transfer branch includes a corresponding pair of component heat-exchange modules;
a second heat-transfer branch having an inlet fluidly couplable with a corresponding outlet from the distribution manifold, the second heat-transfer branch having an outlet fluidly couplable with a corresponding inlet of the collection manifold, wherein the second heat-transfer branch includes a corresponding pair of component heat-exchange modules, wherein each component heat-exchange module of the first heat-transfer branch and each component heat-exchange module of the second heat-transfer branch comprises a heat sink, a pump, and a housing that integrates the pump with the heat sink to fluidly couple the heat sink with the pump, wherein each respective heat sink is configured to conductively receive heat from an electronic device and to transfer the received heat to the first liquid passing through the respective component heat-exchange module, and wherein the integrated pumps of the component heat-exchange modules are the only pumps in the cooling system configured to urge the first liquid through the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger.
8. A modular cooling system according to claim 7 , further comprising a leak-detection sensor and a controller configured to alter operation of the cooling system responsive to an output from the leak-detection sensor.
9. A modular cooling system according to claim 8 , further comprising a valve actuatable by the controller, wherein the valve is configured to control a flow rate of the first liquid or a flow rate of the second liquid.
10. A modular cooling system according to claim 7 , further comprising:
a sensor configured to observe a physical parameter of the first fluid; and
a controller configured to adjust one or more operating parameters of the modular cooling system at least partially in response to a signal emitted by the sensor.
11. A modular cooling system according to claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to emit a signal containing information related to the observed physical parameter.
12. A modular cooling system according to claim 7 , further comprising a chassis configured to mountably receive a plurality of servers, wherein the first branch corresponds to one of the servers and wherein the second branch corresponds to another one of the servers.
13. A modular cooling system according to claim 12 , wherein the chassis mountably supports the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, the distribution manifold, and the collection manifold.
14. A modular cooling system for a plurality of rack-mounted servers, the cooling system comprising:
a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger configured to facilitate heat transfer from a first working fluid to a second working fluid while maintaining hydraulic separation of the first working fluid from the second working fluid, wherein the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger has an inlet configured to receive the second working fluid from a facility supply and an outlet to discharge the second working fluid to a facility return;
a closed fluid circuit configured to circulate the first working fluid among a plurality of cooling nodes, each cooling node corresponding to a server and having at least one heat-exchange module, each heat-exchange module housing a pump, including a pump impeller, and having an inlet, an outlet, and a heat-receiving interface, each heat-exchange module further defining a fluid passage from the inlet to the outlet that directs the first working fluid to the corresponding pump impeller and past the corresponding heat-receiving interface, wherein heat transfers to the first working fluid passing through each respective heat-exchange module as the first working fluid flows past the corresponding heat-receiving interface, wherein the closed fluid circuit is further configured to convey the first working fluid heated by the plurality of cooling nodes to the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger;
a sensor and a controller operable to control operation of each pump among the plurality of cooling nodes and thereby to effect a selected flow of the first working fluid through each respective cooling node in response to an output from the sensor, the output and the selected flow corresponding to a measured characteristic of the cooling system,
wherein the cooling system includes no pumps other than the pumps corresponding to the heat-exchange modules.
15. A modular cooling system according to claim 14 , wherein the sensor comprises a leak-detection sensor.
16. A modular cooling system according to claim 15 , further comprising an actuatable valve configured to control a flow rate of the first working fluid or a flow rate of the second working fluid through a segment of the closed fluid circuit.
17. A modular cooling system according to claim 14 , wherein the sensor is configured to observe a physical parameter of the first working fluid.
18. A modular cooling system according to claim 14 , further comprising a chassis configured to mountably receive the plurality of servers, wherein a first one of the plurality of cooling nodes corresponds to one of the servers mountably received by the chassis and wherein a second one of the plurality of cooling nodes corresponds to a second one of the servers mountably received by the chassis.
19. A modular cooling system according to claim 18 , wherein the chassis mountably supports the liquid-liquid heat exchanger.