Method for simulating combustion in digital imagery with equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions
A combustion simulation system is provided. The combustion simulation system can be performed using a computing device operated by a computer user or artist. The computer-implemented method of generating one or more visual representations of a combustion even is provided. The method includes simulating the combustion event, which transforms combustion reactants into combustion products, the combustion event occurring at a reference pressure, automatically determining values of combustion properties, the values of the combustion properties being calculated as a function of a nonzero pressure field, and generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event based on the values of combustion properties.
1. A computer-implemented method of generating one or more visual representations of a combustion event, the computer-implemented method comprising:
under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions:
simulating the combustion event, which transforms combustion reactants into combustion products, the combustion event occurring at a reference pressure of an ambient fluid;
automatically determining values of combustion properties, the values of the combustion properties being calculated as a function of a nonzero pressure field;
automatically determining compressible characteristics of the ambient fluid; and
generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event based on the values of the combustion properties and the compressible characteristics of the ambient fluid,
wherein simulating the combustion event comprises determining a flame temperature of the combustion event by computing a total change of enthalpy using adiabatic isobaric combustion.
2. A computer-implemented method of generating one or more visual representations of a combustion event, the computer-implemented method comprising:
under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions:
simulating the combustion event, which transforms combustion reactants into combustion products, the combustion event occurring at a reference pressure;
automatically determining values of combustion properties, the values of the combustion properties being calculated as a function of a nonzero pressure field;
generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event based on the values of combustion properties; and
simulating the combustion reactants as a first portion of the combustion event having a variable density, wherein the variable density during the first portion of the combustion event varies in response to a divergence of a velocity field pertaining to a flow of the combustion reactants.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein simulating the combustion event occurs at non-equilibrium conditions.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event comprises generating visual representations of the compressible characteristics of the ambient fluid.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , further comprising:
during simulation of the combustion event for a condition where an instantaneous pressure is changing and not at the reference pressure, replacing the instantaneous pressure with the reference pressure.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein at least conservation of momentum and mass of a physical system are included in continuum mechanics equations used for simulating the combustion event.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the values of the combustion properties include concentrations of the combustion reactants and/or products instead of densities of the combustion reactants and/or products.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the values of the combustion properties used for determining values of combustion properties occurs in a beginning step during simulation of the combustion event.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the values of the combustion properties used for determining values of combustion properties occurs at end of simulation of the combustion event.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , further comprising:
using a convolution kernel to simulate heat diffusion by blurring at least a portion of the one or more visual representations of the combustion event.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10 , further comprising:
deriving the convolution kernel from a heat equation.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the combustion reactants comprise a linear alkane having a chemical composition with a form“C n H 2n+2 .”
13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12 , wherein the linear alkane comprises one or more of methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), butane (C 4 H 10 ), pentane (C 5 H 12 ), hexane (C 6 H 14 ), heptane (C 7 H 16 ), and octane (C 8 H 18 ).
14. A computer system for generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and
a computer-readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to carry out the method of claim 2 .
15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to carry out the method of claim 2 .
16. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein automatically determining compressible characteristics of the ambient fluid is based on relative temperature and molar mass changes during the transformation of the combustion reactants into the combustion products.
17. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , further comprising simulating the combustion products as a second portion of the combustion event having a variable density, wherein the variable density during the second portion of the combustion event varies in response to a divergence of a velocity field pertaining to a flow of the combustion products.
18. A computer-implemented method of generating one or more visual representations of a combustion event, the computer-implemented method comprising:
under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions:
simulating the combustion event, which transforms combustion reactants into combustion products, the combustion event occurring at a reference pressure;
automatically determining values of combustion properties, the values of the combustion properties being calculated as a function of a nonzero pressure field;
generating the one or more visual representations of the combustion event based on the values of combustion properties; and
simulating the combustion products as a second portion of the combustion event having a variable density, wherein the variable density during the second portion of the combustion event varies in response to a divergence of a velocity field pertaining to a flow of the combustion products.
19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18 , wherein the second portion of the combustion event is treated as incompressible.
20. The computer-implemented method of claim 18 , wherein the second portion of the combustion event is treated as compressible.