Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
The present disclosure describes electrodeposited nanolaminate materials having layers comprised of nickel and/or chromium with high hardness. The uniform appearance, chemical resistance, and high hardness of the nanolaminate NiCr materials described herein render them useful for a variety of purposes including wear (abrasion) resistant barrier coatings for use both in decorative as well as demanding physical, structural and chemical environments.
1. A method, comprising:
forming a nanolaminate coating on at least a portion of a surface of a substrate, the nanolaminate coating comprising a plurality of alternating first layers of a first nickel-chromium alloy comprising greater than 92% nickel and at least 0.1% chromium, by weight, and second layers of a second nickel-chromium alloy comprising at least 0.1% nickel and 14% to 40% chromium, by weight.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanolaminate coating comprises at least 100 layers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layers have a thickness ranging from 25 nanometers to 75 nanometers, and the second layers have a thickness ranging from 125 nanometers to 175 nanometers.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layers comprise greater than 92% nickel, by weight, and the balance of the first layers is chromium.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second layers comprise 14% to 21% chromium, by weight, and the balance of the second layers is nickel.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layers, the second layers, or both comprise at least one element selected independently from the group consisting of carbon, cobalt, copper, iron, indium, manganese, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, and phosphorus.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanolaminate coating has a Vickers microhardness as measured by ASTM E384-11el of 550-750 without heat treatment.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises one or more metals or other elements selected from the group consisting of C, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Nb, W, Mo, and P.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a nickel strike layer between the surface of the substrate and the nanolaminate coating.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanolaminate coating comprises at least twenty layers.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layers comprise greater than 94% nickel, by weight and the balance of the first layers is chromium.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second layers comprise 14% to 41% chromium, by weight and the balance of the second layers is nickel.
13. An method, comprising:
forming a plurality of alternating layers comprising first layers of a first nickel-chromium alloy comprising greater than 92% nickel and at least 0.1% chromium, by weight, and second layers of a second nickel-chromium alloy comprising at least 0.1% nickel and 14% to 40% chromium, by weight, each layer of the plurality of alternating layers having a thickness of less than one micrometer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first layers comprise greater than 92% nickel, by weight, and the balance of the first layers is chromium; and
wherein the second layers comprise 14% to 40% chromium, by weight, and the balance of the second layers is nickel.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second layers comprise 14% to 21% chromium, by weight, and the balance of the second layers is nickel.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first layers comprise greater than 95% nickel, by weight, and the balance of the first layers is chromium.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers comprises at least 20 layers.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers comprises at least 100 layers.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first layers have a thickness ranging from 25 nanometers to 75 nanometers, and the second layers have a thickness ranging from 125 nanometers to 175 nanometers.