Nuclear reactor protection systems and methods

1. A nuclear reactor protection system, comprising:

a first logic circuit communicatively coupled to receive a first set of inputs from a first set of one or more sensors for a nuclear power system, the first logic circuit configured in hardware to logically derive a first safety determination based at least in part on the first set of inputs, wherein the first safety determination is associated with a transient event of a nuclear reactor or a portion thereof;

a second logic circuit communicatively coupled to receive a second set of inputs from a second set of one or more sensors for the nuclear power system, the second logic circuit configured in hardware to logically derive a second safety determination based at least in part on the second set of inputs, wherein

the second safety determination is associated with the transient event, and

the second set of inputs include different measured parameters than the first set of inputs; and

safety function equipment communicably coupled to the first and second logic circuits, wherein the safety function equipment is for the nuclear power system and is configured to address the transient event by actuating in response to the first and second safety determinations.

2. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second logic circuits are preconfigured in hardware settings and/or connections between circuit components within each logic circuit to derive the first and second safety determinations, respectively, without using processor-executable software instructions.

3. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 1 , wherein:

the first logic circuit includes a first field-programmable gate array (FPGA) configured in hardware to logically derive the first safety determination; and

the second logic circuit includes a second FPGA configured in hardware to logically derive the second safety determination.

4. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 3 , wherein the first and second FPGAs have independent processing configurations for determining the transient event.

5. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a voting circuit communicatively coupled to receive the first and second safety determinations from the first and second logic circuits, the voting circuit configured to determine the actuation for the safety function equipment based on the first and second safety determinations.

6. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 5 , wherein:

the first logic circuit includes

a first circuit configured to generate a first determination output corresponding to a logical determination associated with the transient event,

a second circuit configured to generate a second determination output corresponding to a first redundant logical determination associated with the transient event,

a third circuit configured to generate a third determination output corresponding to a second redundant logical determination associated with the transient event, wherein

the first, second, and third circuits are electrically separate and operate independently from each other;

the voting circuit is configured to determine the safety action corresponding to a majority of values indicated by the first, second, and third determination outputs;

further comprising:

a first data bus path coupling the first circuit to the voting circuit;

a second data bus path coupling the second circuit to the voting circuit; and

a third data bus path coupling the third circuit to the voting circuit, wherein the first, second, and third data bus paths are separate and independent from each other.

7. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 6 , further comprising:

a first communications module configured to function as a master for the first data bus path by controlling communication of data over the first data bus path;

a second communications module configured to function as a master for the second data bus path by controlling communication of data over the second data bus path; and

a third communications module configured to function as a master for the third data bus path by controlling communication of data over the third data bus path, wherein

the first, second, and third data bus paths are separate and independent from each other.

8. The nuclear reactor protection system of claim 6 , further comprising:

a third logic circuit communicatively coupled to receive a third set of inputs from a third set of one or more sensors for the nuclear power system, the third logic circuit configured in hardware to logically derive a third safety determination based at least in part on the third set of inputs, wherein

the third safety determination is associated with the transient event, and

the third set of inputs include different measured parameters than one or both the first and second sets of inputs; and

the voting circuit is communicatively coupled to the third logic circuit and is configured to determine the safety action based on a first-tier voting output and a second-tier voting output, wherein

the first-tier voting output corresponds to the first safety determination and is generated as the majority of values indicated by the first, second, and third determination outputs, and

the second voting output corresponds to a minimum number of matching values indicated by the first, second, and third safety determinations.

9. A method of operating a nuclear reactor protection system, the method comprising:

receiving a first set of inputs and a second set of inputs from a first set of one or more sensors and a second set of one or more sensors, respectively, for a nuclear power system;

using a first logic circuit, logically determining a first safety determination based at least in part on the first set of inputs, wherein the first safety determination is associated with an transient event of a nuclear reactor or a portion thereof;

using a second logic circuit, logically determining a second safety determination based at least in part on the second set of inputs, wherein

the second safety determination is associated with the transient event, and

the second set of inputs include different measured parameters than the first set of inputs; and

based on the first and second safety determinations, actuating safety function equipment or a reactor trip breaker for the nuclear power system communicably coupled to the first and second logic circuit, wherein the safety function equipment is controlled to address the condition transient event.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein:

logically determining the first safety determination includes processing the first set of inputs according to preconfigured connections between components within the first logic circuit; and

logically determining the second safety determination includes processing the second set of inputs according to preconfigured connections between components within the second logic circuit.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first and second logic circuits have independent processing configurations.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein:

the first logic circuit comprises a first field-programmable gate array (FPGA); and

the second logic circuit comprises a second FPGA.

13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:

receiving a third set of inputs from a third set of one or more sensors for the nuclear power system;

using a third logic circuit, logically determining a third safety determination based at least in part on the third set of inputs, wherein

the third safety determination is associated with the transient event, and

the third set of inputs include different measured parameters than one or both the first and second sets of inputs; and

wherein

the activation state is controlled according to a minimum number of matching values indicated by the first, second, and third safety determinations.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein actuating includes preventing or recovering from a single point hardware-related failure.