Compositions formed from plant extracts and methods of preparation thereof
Embodiments described herein relate generally to plant extract compositions and methods to isolate fatty acid esters derived from crosslinked polyesters. Particular embodiments are directed to methods of preparing compositions of fatty acid esters by treating crosslinked polyesters or other crosslinked networks with an acid and an alcohol.
1. A method of preparing a composition comprising fatty acid esters, the method comprising:
providing a crosslinked polyester comprising polymerized mono- or polyhydroxy fatty acids;
treating the crosslinked polyester with:
an acid or a base, and
an alcohol;
removing the acid or the base and the alcohol to yield a mixture comprising the fatty acid esters; and
purifying the mixture to isolate the fatty acid esters,
wherein the crosslinked polyester contains endogenous water.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polyester comprises cutin.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol comprises one or more of ethanol, methanol, propanol, glycerol, and isopropanol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the acid or the base comprises neutralizing the acid or the base.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the alcohol comprises evaporating the alcohol.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester with the acid, wherein the acid comprises one or more of sulfuric acid, triflic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, and para-toluenesulfonic acid.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acids of the crosslinked polymer comprise one or more of 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 18-hydroxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the alcohol comprises ethanol, and the isolated fatty acid esters comprise one or more of ethyl 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate, ethyl 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, ethyl 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, ethyl 18-hydroxyoctadecanoate, ethyl 18-hydroxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate, ethyl 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoate, and ethyl 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoate, or
the alcohol comprises methanol, and the isolated fatty acid esters comprise one or more of methyl 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 10,18-dihydroxyoctadecanoate, methyl 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 9,18-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoate, methyl 9,10-epoxy-16-hydroxyhexadecanoate, and methyl 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoate, or
the alcohol comprises glycerol, and the isolated fatty acid esters comprise one or more of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 10,18-dihydroxyoctadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,18-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,10-epoxy-16-hydroxyhexadecanoate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 10,18-dihydroxyoctadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,18-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoate, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,10-epoxy-16-hydroxyhexadecanoate, and 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoate.
9. A method of forming a protective coating on a substrate, the method comprising:
treating a crosslinked polyester comprising polymerized mono- or polyhydroxy fatty acids with:
an acid or a base, and
an alcohol;
removing the acid or the base and the alcohol to yield a mixture comprising fatty acid esters;
purifying the mixture to isolate the fatty acid esters; and
causing the fatty acid esters to be applied to a surface of the substrate to form the protective coating.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the crosslinked polyester comprises cutin.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the substrate comprises an edible substrate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the substrate comprises produce.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the substrate comprises plant matter.
14. The method of claim 1 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester with the acid and the alcohol, wherein the acid is combined with the alcohol in a superstoichiometric amount.
15. The method of claim 1 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester at a temperature greater than an atmospheric boiling point of the alcohol.
16. The method of claim 1 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester with the base.
17. The method of claim 9 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester with the acid, wherein the acid is combined with the alcohol in a superstoichiometric amount.
18. The method of claim 9 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester at a temperature greater than an atmospheric boiling point of the alcohol.
19. The method of claim 9 , comprising treating the crosslinked polyester with the base.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol comprises an alkanol.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the alkanol comprises methanol, ethanol, or both.