Electric machine rotor cooling systems and methods
An electric machine rotor including a shaft, a rotor back assembly surrounding a portion of the shaft, and a plurality of permanent magnets distributed at equal radial distance from the shaft around the rotor back assembly. The electric machine rotor also includes a gap between two adjacent permanent magnets and a thermally conductive material filing the gap. The thermally conductive material is in contact with the rotor back assembly between the two adjacent permanent magnets. The electric machine rotor also includes a heat transfer structure in thermal communication with the thermally conductive material, extending beyond an outer surface of the thermally conductive material to transfer heat away from the electric machine rotor.
1. An electric machine rotor comprising:
a shaft;
a rotor back assembly surrounding a portion of the shaft; and
a plurality of permanent magnets distributed at equal radial distance from the shaft around the rotor back assembly;
a plurality of gaps, with each gap being positioned between two adjacent permanent magnets;
a plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, with one thermally conductive encapsulant structure being positioned within each gap, wherein each of the thermally conductive encapsulant structures is physically separated from adjacent thermally conductive encapsulant structures; and
a plurality of heat transfer structures with at least one of the plurality of heat transfer structures extending beyond an outer surface of each of the plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, wherein each of the plurality of heat transfer structures is in physical contact with no more than one of the plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, and wherein each of the plurality of heat transfer structures is physically separated from adjacent heat transfer structures.
2. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of fan blades formed in an exterior surface of the rotor back assembly.
3. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 further comprising one or more ventilation channels extending through the rotor back assembly.
4. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 wherein the rotor back assembly comprises a plurality of laminations with each lamination separated from adjacent laminations with an insulating material.
5. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of permanent magnets comprises a stack of laminations, with each with each lamination comprising a rare earth magnetic material.
6. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive encapsulant structures comprise a polymer doped with an additive to enhance thermal conductivity.
7. The electric machine rotor of claim 6 wherein the additive comprises one or more of boron nitride, silicon carbide, silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum, copper, another metal, another metal oxide, ceramic, and graphene.
8. The electric machine rotor of claim 6 wherein the additive comprises one or more of suspended spherical particles or suspended radially oriented particles.
9. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 , wherein the rotor back assembly comprises one or more slots, grooves, keyways, roughened surfaces, holes, or projections at an interface between the rotor back assembly and surfaces of the thermally conductive encapsulant structures.
10. The electric machine rotor of claim 1 further comprising a thermally conductive band surrounding an outside face of each of the plurality of permanent magnets.
11. The electric machine rotor of claim 10 wherein the thermally conductive band comprises a plurality of steel bands.
12. An electric machine rotor comprising:
a shaft;
a rotor back assembly surrounding a portion of the shaft; and
a plurality of permanent magnets distributed at equal radial distance from the shaft around the rotor back assembly, wherein at least one of the plurality of permanent magnets comprises a stack of laminations, with each with each lamination comprising a rare earth magnetic material;
a plurality of gaps, with each gap being positioned between two adjacent permanent magnets;
a plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, with one thermally conductive encapsulant structure being positioned within each gap, wherein each of the thermally conductive encapsulant structures is physically separated from adjacent thermally conductive encapsulant structures; and
a plurality of heat transfer structures, with at least one of the plurality of heat transfer structures extending beyond an outer surface of each of the plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, wherein each of the plurality of heat transfer structures is in physical contact with no more than one of the plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures, and wherein each of the plurality of heat transfer structures is physically separated from adjacent heat transfer structures.
13. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 wherein at least one lamination is separated from another lamination by an insulating material.
14. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 wherein each of the plurality of thermally conductive encapsulant structures comprises a polymer doped with an additive to enhance thermal conductivity.
15. The electric machine rotor of claim 14 wherein the additive comprises one or more of boron nitride, silicon carbide, silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum, copper, another metal, another metal oxide, ceramic, and graphene.
16. The electric machine rotor of claim 14 wherein the additive comprises one or more of suspended spherical particles or suspended radially oriented particles.
17. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 , wherein the rotor back assembly comprises one or more slots, grooves, keyways, roughened surfaces, holes, or projections at an interface between the rotor back assembly and surfaces of the thermally conductive encapsulant structures.
18. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 further comprising a thermally conductive band surrounding an outside face of each of the plurality of permanent magnets.
19. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 further comprising a plurality of fan blades formed in an exterior surface of the rotor back assembly.
20. The electric machine rotor of claim 12 further comprising one or more ventilation channels extending through the rotor back assembly.