Aluminum-cerium-copper alloys for metal additive manufacturing
Disclosed herein are embodiments of an Al—Ce—Cu alloy for use in additive manufacturing. The disclosed alloy embodiments provide fabricated objects, such as bulk components, comprising a heterogeneous microstructure and having good mechanical properties even when exposed to conditions used during the additive manufacturing process. Methods for making and using alloy embodiments also are disclosed herein.
1. A powder alloy composition, comprising:
6 wt % to 35 wt % cerium;
3 wt % to 35 wt % copper;
greater than 0.5 wt % to 3 wt % manganese;
0 wt % to 3 wt % iron;
0 wt % to 2 wt % magnesium;
0 wt % to 2 wt % zirconium;
0 wt % to 2 wt % nickel;
0 wt % to 5 wt % chromium;
0 wt % to 0.1 wt % silicon;
a balance of aluminum; and
wherein the cerium and the copper are independently present in the powder alloy composition in an amount sufficient to cause the formation of at least one intermetallic selected from Al 8 CeCu 4 , Al 24 Cu 8 Ce 3 Mn, Al 10 Cu 7 Ce 2 , Al 11 Ce 3 , or Al 2 Cu upon additively manufacturing the powder alloy composition.
2. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of vanadium, titanium, hafnium, erbium, or scandium in an amount less than 1 wt % for each element taken individually.
3. The powder alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the powder alloy composition provides, after additive manufacturing, an aluminum-based matrix phase with isolated features having an average length of 50 nm to 50 μm; and an intermetallic phase having lattice-like structures between the features of the aluminum-based matrix phase, with a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm.
4. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the cerium is present in an amount ranging from 6 wt % to 20 wt %.
5. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the copper is present in an amount ranging from 5 wt % to 25 wt %.
6. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the copper is present in an amount ranging from 5 wt % to 20 wt %.
7. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the powder alloy composition comprises 9 wt % copper, 6 wt % cerium, greater than 0.5 wt % to 3 wt % manganese, and a balance of aluminum.
8. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the powder alloy composition comprises 9 wt % copper, 6 wt % cerium, greater than 0.5 wt % to 3 wt % manganese, between 0.2 wt % and 1.0 wt % zirconium, and a balance of aluminum.
9. A fabricated object made from the powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the fabricated object comprises a heterogeneous microstructure having (i) an aluminum-based matrix phase; and (ii) an intermetallic phase, wherein:
the aluminum-based matrix phase further comprises isolated features with an average length of 50 nm to 50 μm; and
the intermetallic phase further comprises lattice-like structures between the isolated features of the aluminum-based matrix, the lattice-like structures having a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm.
10. The fabricated object of claim 9 , wherein the heterogeneous microstructure further comprises a precipitate phase.
11. The fabricated object of claim 9 , wherein the aluminum-based matrix phase further comprises manganese, copper, and/or zirconium in solid solution.
12. The fabricated object of claim 9 , wherein the intermetallic phase comprises Al 24 Cu 8 Ce 3 Mn and at least one of Al 8 CeCu 4 , Al 10 Cu 7 Ce 2 , Al 2 Cu, or Al 11 Ce 3 .
13. The fabricated object of claim 10 , wherein the precipitate phase is one or more of Al 3 Zr, Al 3 V, Al 3 Ti, Al 3 Hf, Al 3 Er, and Al 3 Sc.
14. A powder alloy composition for additive manufacturing, comprising:
greater than 0.5 wt % manganese;
6 wt % to 35 wt % cerium;
copper;
0 wt % to 0.1 wt % silicon; and
a balance of aluminum
wherein the cerium and copper are independently present in the powder alloy composition at an amount sufficient to provide at least one of an Al 8 CeCu 4 , Al 24 Cu 8 Ce 3 Mn, Al 10 Cu 7 Ce 2 , Al 11 Ce 3 , or Al 2 Cu intermetallic phase in an additively manufactured component made from the powder alloy composition.
15. The powder alloy composition of claim 14 , further comprising one or more additive alloying elements selected from zirconium, manganese, magnesium, iron, silicon, nickel, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, erbium, or scandium.
16. A method, comprising:
(a) combining aluminum with (i) copper in an amount ranging from 3 wt % and 35 wt %, and (ii) cerium in an amount ranging from 6 wt % to 35 wt % to form a powder aluminum-based alloy composition;
(b) adding a first amount of feedstock comprising the powder aluminum-based alloy composition to a build platform;
(c) exposing the first amount, or a portion thereof, of the feedstock to an energy source to provide a first energy-treated region on the build platform;
(d) adding a second amount of the feedstock to the build platform wherein the second amount of the feedstock is positioned immediately adjacent to the first energy-treated region on the build platform; and
(e) exposing the second amount, or a portion thereof, of the feedstock to the energy source to provide a second energy-treated region on the build platform.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising repeating any of steps (b) through (e).
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the energy source is a laser.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein each of the first energy-treated region and the second energy treated region comprises a consolidated alloy formed from melting and consolidating particles of the feedstock.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method is used to make a fabricated bulk component comprising an Al—Ce—Cu alloy and comprising a heterogenous microstructure.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein step (a) further comprises (i) adding chromium in an amount less than or equal to 5 wt %; (ii) adding at least one of manganese or iron in an amount less than or equal to 3 wt % for each element taken individually; (iii) adding at least one of zirconium, magnesium, or nickel in an amount less than or equal to 2 wt % for each element taken individually; (iv) adding at least one of adding at least one of vanadium, titanium, hafnium, erbium, or scandium in an amount less than or equal to 1 wt % for each element taken individually; or any combination of (i), (ii), (iii) and/or (iv).
22. The powder alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the intermetallic phase comprises Al 24 Cu 8 Ce 3 Mn and at least one of Al 8 CeCu 4 , Al 10 Cu 7 Ce 2 , Al 2 Cu, or Al 11 Ce 3 .