Wireless channel power profile false base station detection
In a wireless access network, a false base station (FBS) may imitate a legitimate base station by repeating the transmissions of the legitimate base station at a higher power level such that one or more user equipment (UEs) synchronize with the FBS instead of the legitimate base station. The present disclosure provides a UE that detects an FBS. The UE may estimate a time of arrival of different multipath components of a downlink signal corresponding to a physical cell identity. The UE may determine an existence of FBS based on a difference between the times of arrival of two of the different multipath components exceeding a threshold amount of time. The UE may perform a mitigation operation in response to determining the existence of the FBS.
1. A method of wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
estimating a time of arrival of different multipath components of a downlink signal from a base station, wherein the different multipath components comprise a first cluster of multipath components and a second cluster of multipath components, wherein the first cluster corresponds to a first physical layer signal and the second cluster corresponds to a second physical layer signal;
determining an existence of a false base station (FBS) based on a difference between times of arrival of the first cluster and the second cluster exceeding a threshold amount of time, wherein the threshold amount of time comprises at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) time-domain symbol duration; and
performing a mitigation operation in response to determining the existence of the FBS.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second physical layer signal comprises a repeated physical layer signal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold amount of time comprises a physical downlink control channel duration.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cluster and the second cluster each comprise a plurality of multipath components.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UE identifies the base station that is a source of the downlink signal based on a physical cell identity (PCI) associated with the downlink signal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the downlink signal is a synchronization signal block (SSB).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the downlink signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold amount of time is received within system information.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold amount of time is received in UE specific signaling.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising computing the threshold amount of time based on a maximum expected delay spread in a wireless channel.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the mitigation operation comprises reporting the determination of the existence of the FBS to a security server of a communication network.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the mitigation operation comprises updating one or more communication parameters to access a communication network using a different cell, frequency, band, or system.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein a later arriving path of the different multipath components has a greater received signal strength than an earlier arriving path of the different multipath components.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the existence of the FBS is further based on the received signal strengths of the later arriving path and the earlier arriving path.
15. An apparatus for wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a memory; and
at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
estimate a time of arrival of different multipath components of a downlink signal from a cell, wherein the different multipath components comprise a first cluster of multipath components and a second cluster of multipath components, wherein the first cluster corresponds to a first physical layer signal and the second cluster corresponds to a second physical layer signal;
determine an existence of a false base station (FBS) based on a difference between the times of arrival of the first cluster and the second cluster exceeding a threshold amount of time, wherein the threshold amount of time comprises at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) time-domain symbol duration; and
perform a mitigation operation in response to determining the existence of the FBS.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the downlink signal is a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to compute the threshold amount of time based on a maximum expected delay spread in a wireless channel.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to report the determination of the existence of the FBS to a security server of a communication network.
19. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to update one or more communication parameters to access a communication network using a different cell, frequency, band, or system.
20. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the existence of the FBS based on a received signal strengths of a later arriving path and an earlier arriving path.