Methods to purify cannabinoids
Various aspects of this patent document relate to the rapid purification of cannabinoids by vaporization and condensation.
1. A method to purify tetrahydrocannabinol, comprising:
providing a composition comprising tetrahydrocannabinol and a non-volatile molecule, wherein both the tetrahydrocannabinol and the non-volatile molecule are in a liquid phase or a solid phase;
contacting the composition with 50 joules to 100 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition to convert the tetrahydrocannabinol in the liquid phase or the solid phase into vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in a gas phase without vaporizing the non-volatile molecule;
separating the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in the gas phase from the non-volatile molecule;
contacting the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol with a heat sink to condense the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol into condensed tetrahydrocannabinol in a liquid distillate; and
collecting the liquid distillate.
2. A method to purify tetrahydrocannabinol, comprising:
providing a composition comprising tetrahydrocannabinol in a liquid phase or a solid phase;
contacting the composition with 50 joules to 100 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition to convert the tetrahydrocannabinol in the liquid phase or the solid phase into vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in a gas phase; and
contacting the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol with a heat sink to condense the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol into condensed tetrahydrocannabinol.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the composition comprises a non-volatile molecule;
the composition is contacted with the energy without vaporizing the non-volatile molecule;
the method comprises separating the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in the gas phase from the non-volatile molecule;
the method comprises condensing the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol into a liquid distillate that comprises the condensed tetrahydrocannabinol; and
the method comprises collecting the liquid distillate.
4. The method of claim 2 , comprising contacting the composition with 2 kilojoules to 4 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of greater than 1000 per meter.
6. The method of claim 2 , comprising contacting the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol with the heat sink less than 20 seconds after converting the tetrahydrocannabinol in the liquid phase or the solid phase into the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol is condensed into the condensed tetrahydrocannabinol less than 30 seconds after the tetrahydrocannabinol is converted into the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol.
8. The method of claim 2 , comprising producing a liquid distillate that comprises the condensed tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol at a molar ratio of greater than 100:1.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method converts less than 5% of the tetrahydrocannabinol of the composition into cannabinol.
10. The method of claim 2 , comprising producing a liquid distillate that comprises the condensed tetrahydrocannabinol and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol at a molar ratio of greater than 300:1.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method converts less than 5% of the tetrahydrocannabinol of the composition into delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol.
12. The method of claim 2 , comprising contacting the composition with 2 kilojoules to 50 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition.
13. The method of claim 12 , comprising coating a heated surface with the composition at a surface-area-to-volume ratio of the composition that is greater than 500 per meter (m −1 ), wherein the composition is contacted with the 2 kilojoules to 50 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition when the heated surface is coated with the composition.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein contacting the composition with the 2 kilojoules to 50 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition is performed in a short-path distillation apparatus.
15. The method of claim 2 , comprising contacting the composition with a heated surface having a temperature of 330° F. to 450° F.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises water at a concentration of less than 10% by weight.
17. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises an extracted oil from the genus Cannabis.
18. The method of claim 2 , wherein converting the tetrahydrocannabinol in the liquid phase or the solid phase into the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in the gas phase comprises contacting the composition with 10 watts to 100 kilowatts of power per gram of the composition for 0.1 to 60 seconds.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein:
the composition comprises cannabidiolic acid; and
the method comprises contacting the composition with energy at a rate of less than 100 kilowatts of power.
20. A method to purify tetrahydrocannabinol, comprising:
providing a composition comprising tetrahydrocannabinol in a liquid phase or a solid phase, wherein the composition has a surface-area-to-volume ratio that is greater than 1000 per meter (m −1 );
contacting the composition with 50 joules to 100 kilojoules of energy per gram of the composition to convert the tetrahydrocannabinol in the liquid phase or the solid phase into vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol in a gas phase; and
contacting the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol with a heat sink to condense the vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol into condensed tetrahydrocannabinol.