Precatalyst scaffolds for cross-coupling reactions, and methods of making and using same

1. A precatalyst of formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof:

wherein:

M is selected from the group consisting of Pd, Ni, and Pt;

X is a ligand selected from the group consisting of halide, trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), tosylate, mesylate, tetrafluoroborate, tetraphenylborate, hexafluorophosphine, acetate, trifluoroacetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and water;

R is tert-butyl and is attached to the 1-position of the 5-membered ring;

n is 1;

each occurrence of Z is CH; and

L is a monodentate phosphine ligand.

2. The precatalyst of claim 1 , wherein L is at least one selected from the group consisting of AmPhos (di-t-butylphosphino-4-dimethylaminobenzene), DavePhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl), tBu DavePhos (2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl), QPhos (1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1′-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene), RuPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl), SPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl), XPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl), tBu XPhos (2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl), me4tBu XPhos (2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl), BrettPhos (2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl), tBu BrettPhos (2-(Di-tert-butylphosphino)-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl), Ad BrettPhos (2-(Diadamantylphosphino)-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl), Me-DalPhos (2-(Di-l-adamantylphosphino) phenylpiperidine), Mor-DalPhos (Di(1-adamantyl)-2-morpholinophenylphosphine), Di(1-adamantyl)-1-piperidinyl-phenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl) phosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine and tri(t-butyl)phosphine.