Methods that purify uranium

1. A method for purifying uranium, the method comprising:

forming primary uranyl peroxide precipitates (UO 2 O 2 .4H 2 O), comprising:

obtaining impure uranium dissolved in an acidic solution;

evaporating the acidic solution to increase uranium concentration and form a concentrated solution;

mixing a hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solution with the concentrated solution in a first container; and

forming the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates in the first container;

collecting the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates;

washing and drying the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates; and

converting the washed and dried primary uranyl peroxide precipitates into triuranium octoxide (U 3 O 8 ).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic solution comprises nitric acid, and

wherein the obtaining of the impure uranium comprises dissolving impure uranium in the acidic solution having a molar concentration of the nitric acid in a range of 2 moles per liter (M) and 8 M.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic solution comprises nitric acid, and

wherein the evaporating of the acidic solution comprises evaporating the nitric acid using an evaporation system to form the concentrated solution having a molar concentration of the nitric acid that is greater than 8 moles per liter.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H 2 O 2 solution comprises 30-50 vol. % H 2 O 2 and the remainder of the H 2 O 2 solution is water,

wherein the mixing of the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution comprises adding and stirring the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution, and

wherein the H 2 O 2 solution is at a 1:1 or higher volume ratio with respect to the concentrated solution.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collecting of the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates comprises a technique selected from the group consisting of pipetting, centrifuging, filtrating, and combinations thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washing of the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates comprises washing the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates with an additional H 2 O 2 solution, and

wherein a H 2 O:H 2 O 2 volumetric ratio of the additional H 2 O 2 solution is about 10:1.

7. The method of claim 6 , comprising subsequently washing the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates with ethanol.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

dissolving a portion less than all of the washed and dried primary uranyl peroxide precipitates in an acidic solution to determine purity of the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein, when a determined purity of the washed and dried primary uranyl peroxide precipitates is below a predetermined value, the method further comprises:

dissolving all of the washed and dried uranyl peroxide precipitates in a nitric acid solution.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transferring a supernate from the first container to a second container;

adding a rinsed liquid to the second container; and

forming secondary uranyl peroxide precipitates in the second container.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

rinsing the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates in the first container following the transfer of the supernate to the second container.

12. A method for purifying uranium in one stage, the method comprising:

obtaining impure uranium dissolved in an acidic solution comprising nitric acid (HNO 3 );

evaporating the acidic solution to increase uranium concentration and form a concentrated solution;

mixing a hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solution with the concentrated solution to form uranyl peroxide precipitates (UO 2 O 2 .4H 2 O);

collecting the uranyl peroxide precipitates;

washing and drying the uranyl peroxide precipitates; and

converting the washed and dried uranyl peroxide precipitates into triuranium octoxide (U 3 O 8 ).

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the H 2 O 2 solution comprises 30-50 vol. % H 2 O 2 and the remainder of the H 2 O 2 solution is water,

wherein the mixing of the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution comprises adding and stirring the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution, and

wherein the H 2 O 2 solution is at a 1:1 or higher volume ratio with respect to the concentrated solution.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the collecting of the uranyl peroxide precipitates comprises a technique selected from the group consisting of pipetting, centrifuging, filtrating, and combinations thereof.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the washing of the uranyl peroxide precipitates comprises:

washing the uranyl peroxide precipitates with an additional H 2 O 2 solution, wherein a H 2 O:H 2 O 2 volumetric ratio of the additional H 2 O 2 solution is about 10:1, and subsequently washing the uranyl peroxide precipitates with ethanol.

16. A method for purifying uranium in multiple stages, the method comprising:

forming primary uranyl peroxide precipitates (UO 2 O 2 .4H 2 O), comprising:

obtaining impure uranium dissolved in an acidic solution comprising nitric acid (HNO 3 );

evaporating the acidic solution to increase uranium concentration and form a concentrated solution; and

mixing a hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solution with the concentrated solution to form the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates in a first container;

transferring a supernate from the first container to a second container;

forming secondary uranyl peroxide precipitates in the second container;

collecting the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates from the first container and the secondary uranyl peroxide precipitates from the second container to provide combined uranyl peroxide precipitates;

washing and drying the combined uranyl peroxide precipitates; and

converting the washed and dried combined uranyl peroxide precipitates into triuranium octoxide (U 3 O 8 ).

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising, following the transferring of the supernate:

rinsing the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates in the first container with a diluted H 2 O 2 solution to provide rinsed primary uranyl peroxide precipitates and a rinsed liquid; and

adding the rinsed liquid to the second container.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the evaporating of the acidic solution comprises using an evaporation system to form the concentrated solution, and

wherein a molar concentration of HNO 3 in the concentration solution is greater than 8 moles per liter.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the H 2 O 2 solution comprises about 30-50 vol. % H 2 O 2 and the remainder of the H 2 O 2 solution is water,

wherein the mixing of the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution comprises adding and stirring the H 2 O 2 solution with the concentrated solution, and

wherein the H 2 O 2 solution is at a 1:1 or higher volume ratio with respect to the concentrated solution.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the collecting of the primary uranyl peroxide precipitates and the secondary uranyl peroxide precipitates comprises a technique selected from the group consisting of pipetting, centrifuging, filtrating, and combinations thereof.