Velocity measurements using a piezoelectric sensor
A method of measuring fluid flow rate is provided. The method comprises positioning a piezoelectric sensor in a fluid flow stream and measuring a voltage output from the piezoelectric sensor caused by mechanical stress from the fluid flow stream. A fluid flow rate is calculated based on the measured voltage output according to predefined relationships between the voltage output and a number physical parameters.
1. A method of measuring fluid flow rate, the method comprising:
positioning a piezoelectric sensor in a fluid flow stream, wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric test article positioned in the fluid flow stream and wherein a rectangular shaped contact area of the piezoelectric test article comprising two contiguous rectangular shaped sections having different thicknesses is maintained perpendicular to the fluid flow stream;
measuring a voltage output from vibration of the piezoelectric sensor caused by mechanical stress from the fluid flow stream; and
calculating a fluid flow rate based on the measured voltage output according to predefined relationships between the voltage output and a number of physical parameters.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric cantilever beam.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises lead zirconate titanite.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein voltage output is positively correlated with fluid flow rate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein voltage output is non-linearly correlated with fluid flow rate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical parameters comprise:
piezoelectric sensor contact area;
piezoelectric sensor thickness;
drag force; and
fluid pressure.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow stream passes through a rectangular test section, and wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned in a rectangular test section.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow stream passes through a circular test section, and wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned in a rectangular test section.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising positioning a flow straightener upstream of the piezoelectric sensor in the fluid flow stream.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two contiguous rectangular shaped sections comprise a piezoelectric ceramic section and a flapper section and wherein a thickness of the flapper section is less than a thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic section.
11. An apparatus for measuring fluid flow rate, the apparatus comprising:
a fan operable to generate a fluid flow stream;
a piezoelectric sensor positioned in the fluid flow stream, wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric test article positioned in the fluid flow stream and wherein a rectangular shaped contact area of the piezoelectric test article comprising two contiguous rectangular shaped sections having different thicknesses is maintained perpendicular to the fluid flow stream;
a test section in fluid communication with the fan, wherein the piezoelectric sensor is positioned in the test section; and
an oscilloscope connected to the piezoelectric sensor measures a voltage output from vibration of the piezoelectric sensor caused by mechanical stress from the fluid flow stream, wherein the measured voltage output is correlated to fluid flow rate according to predefined relationships between the voltage output and a number of physical parameters.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises a piezoelectric cantilever beam.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the piezoelectric sensor comprises lead zirconate titanite.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein voltage output is positively correlated with fluid flow rate.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein voltage output is non-linearly correlated with fluid flow rate.
16. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the test section is a rectangular test section.
17. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the test section is a circular test section.
18. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the physical parameters comprise:
piezoelectric sensor contact area;
piezoelectric sensor thickness;
drag force; and
fluid pressure.
19. The apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising a flow straightener upstream of the piezoelectric sensor in the fluid flow stream.
20. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the two contiguous rectangular shaped sections comprise a piezoelectric ceramic section and a flapper section and wherein a thickness of the flapper section is less than a thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic section.