Topically administered strontium-containing complexes for treating pain, pruritis and inflammation
Therapeutically-active compositions that combine strontium with at least one additional molecules that increase the overall therapeutic potency of the combination beyond the potency of any of the separate constituents. Specifically, the combinations perform two important functions; (1) they increase the ability of topically-applied strontium to inhibit both acute sensory irritation (e.g., pruritus and pain), redness, swelling and inflammation (collectively defined for purposes of this description, “irritation”) and the chronic irritation that is characteristic of and contributes to the development and maintenance of painful or pruritic neuropathic conditions; and (2) they decrease the strontium activated pathways that are known to enhance the development and maintenance of pain, pruritis and neuropathic conditions.
1. A method of treating pain in a subject comprising topically administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a complex of:
a divalent strontium salt;
a cysteine-based anti-oxidant selected from the group consisting of N-acetyl cysteine and N-acetyl cysteinate; and
a polyhydroxyphenol selected from the group consisting of gallic acid, caffeic acid, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the cysteine-based anti-oxidant and the polyhydroxyphenol are conjugated together by a thioester bond formed by a sulfhydryl group of the cysteine-based anti-oxidant and a carboxyl group of the polyhydroxyphenol.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathy secondary to tumor infiltration, phantom limb pain, postherpetic neuralgia, postmastectomy pain, trigeminal neuralgia, central post-stroke pain, multiple sclerosis pain, Parkinson's disease pain, spinal cord injury pain, HIV sensory neuropathy, keratinized skin, allergies, insect bites, venomous pain, poison ivy reactions, nickel allergy, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, therapeutic x-ray radiation, chemical irritant exposure, depilatory treatment irritation, post-herpetic neuralgia, shingles, nerve damage, nerve oversensitization, stump pain, diabetic neuropathy, irritation of the eyes, contraceptive irritation, thermal bums, trauma from tooth extraction or surgical excision of gum mucosa, chemical bums, diabetic ulcers, trauma from orthodontic procedures, trauma to the face, trauma to the skull, trauma to the oropharynx, neuropathic pain due to nerve compression, and chronic back pain.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a second compound containing a cleaving agent after the administering of the composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydroxyphenol is gallic acid and esters thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent strontium salt is a divalent cation strontium salt.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is a neutral or anionic polymer.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the neutral polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is capable of ionic association with the complex and facilitates controlled release of the divalent cationic strontium.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is capable of minimizing osmolarity.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one aromatic amino acid selected from the group consisting of histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the at least one aromatic amino acid is an L-isomer.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent strontium salt is selected from the group consisting of strontium chloride, strontium chloride hexahydrate, strontium sulfate, strontium carbonate, strontium nitrate, strontium hydroxide, strontium hydrosulfide, strontium oxide, strontium acetate, strontium glutamate, strontium aspartate, strontium malonate, strontium maleate, strontium citrate, strontium threonate, strontium lactate, strontium pyruvate, strontium ascorbate, strontium alpha-ketoglutarate, and strontium succinate.
14. A method of treating pain in a subject comprising topically administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a complex of:
a divalent cationic strontium,
N-acetylcysteine or an ester thereof and at least one polyhydroxyphenol selected from the group consisting of gallic acid and caffeic acid, wherein the N-acetylcysteine or an ester thereof and the polyhydroxyphenol are conjugated together by a thioester bond formed by a sulfhydryl group of the N-acetylcysteine or an ester thereof and a carboxyl group of the polyhydroxyphenol moiety; and
a carrier vehicle.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathy secondary to tumor infiltration, phantom limb pain, postherpetic neuralgia, postmastectomy pain, trigeminal neuralgia, central post-stroke pain, multiple sclerosis pain, Parkinson's disease pain, spinal cord injury pain, HIV sensory neuropathy, keratinized skin, allergies, insect bites, venomous pain, poison ivy reactions, nickel allergy, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, therapeutic x-ray radiation, chemical irritant exposure, depilatory treatment irritation, post-herpetic neuralgia, shingles, nerve damage, nerve oversensitization, stump pain, diabetic neuropathy, irritation of the eyes, contraceptive irritation, thermal bums, trauma from tooth extraction or surgical excision of gum mucosa, chemical bums, diabetic ulcers, trauma from orthodontic procedures, trauma to the face, trauma to the skull, trauma to the oropharynx, neuropathic pain due to nerve compression, and chronic back pain.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polyhydroxyphenol is gallic acid.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the composition further comprises a polymer.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the divalent cationic strontium is selected from the group consisting of strontium chloride, strontium chloride hexahydrate, strontium sulfate, strontium carbonate, strontium nitrate, strontium hydroxide, strontium hydrosulfide, strontium oxide, strontium acetate, strontium glutamate, strontium aspartate, strontium malonate, strontium maleate, strontium citrate, strontium threonate, strontium lactate, strontium pyruvate, strontium ascorbate, strontium alpha-ketoglutarate, and strontium succinate.