Architected stamps for liquid transfer printing
The present invention relates to architected stamps having beneficial printing properties. In particular, negative Poisson ratio structures and/or porous reservoirs can be employed to control fluid dynamics and to provide metered ink transfer.
1. An architected stamp having a proximal end and a distal end, comprising:
a porous reservoir comprising a plurality of first pores and a contact surface disposed at a distal portion of the porous reservoir, wherein the plurality of first pores is in fluidic communication with the contact surface; and
an ink transfer component comprising a plurality of printing elements, wherein each of the plurality of printing elements includes one or more compressible structures in fluidic communication with the contact surface at a proximal portion of the ink transfer component and which can be mechanically deformed to deliver ink to a substrate at a distal portion of the ink transfer component and wherein the proximal portion of the ink transfer component is separated from distal portion of the porous reservoir by the contact surface.
2. The stamp of claim 1 , wherein the porous reservoir further comprises a plurality of second pores, and wherein a diameter of the plurality of first pores is different than the diameter of the plurality of second pores.
3. The stamp of claim 1 , wherein the porous reservoir has a pore volume of from about 50% to about 95%.
4. The stamp of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first pores have a pore diameter of from about 1 μm to about 50 μm.
5. The stamp of claim 1 , further comprising an external strut disposed between at least two of the plurality of printing elements.
6. An architected stamp having a proximal end and a distal end, comprising:
a reservoir comprising a contact surface disposed at a distal portion of the reservoir; and
an ink transfer component comprising a plurality of printing elements, wherein each of the plurality of printing elements is in fluidic communication with the contact surface at a proximal portion of the ink transfer component and wherein the proximal portion of the ink transfer component is separated from the distal portion of the reservoir by the contact surface.
7. The stamp of claim 6 , wherein the reservoir comprises a porous reservoir comprising a plurality of first pores, and wherein the plurality of first pores is in fluidic communication with the contact surface.
8. The stamp of claim 7 , wherein the porous reservoir further comprises a plurality of second pores, and wherein a diameter of the first pore is different than the diameter of the second pore.
9. The stamp of claim 7 , wherein the porous reservoir has a pore volume of from about 50% to about 95%.
10. The stamp of claim 6 , further comprising an external strut disposed between at least two of the plurality of printing elements.
11. The stamp of claim 6 , wherein each printing element comprises a plurality of printing cells and each printing cell has a negative Poisson's ratio.
12. The stamp of claim 11 , wherein the printing cell comprises a re-entrant honeycomb cell.
13. The stamp of claim 11 , further comprising an internal strut disposed within at least one printing cell.
14. A method of printing comprising:
providing an architected stamp having a proximal end and a distal end,
comprising
a porous reservoir comprising a plurality of first pores and a contact surface disposed at a distal portion of the porous reservoir, wherein the plurality of first pores is in fluidic communication with the contact surface; and
an ink transfer component comprising a plurality of printing elements, wherein each of the plurality of printing elements includes one or more compressible structures in fluidic communication with the contact surface at a proximal portion of the ink transfer component and wherein the proximal portion of the ink transfer component is separated from the distal portion of the porous reservoir by the contact surface;
applying an ink to the stamp, thereby delivering the ink to the plurality of first pores of the porous reservoir; and
contacting a distal portion of the ink transfer component to a substrate, thereby mechanically deforming the plurality of printing elements and transferring the ink from the plurality of pores to the plurality of printing elements and then to the substrate.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ink comprises a colloidal ink.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the architected stamp is produced by additive manufacturing.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising, after the providing step:
treating the stamp to provide an ink transfer component comprising a hydrophilic surface.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising, after the contacting step:
lifting away the stamp, thereby decompressing the plurality of printing elements and wicking ink back into the stamp.
19. The stamp of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of printing elements has a negative Poisson's ratio.