Compositions and methods for treating gluten intolerance and disorders arising therefrom
The invention described herein relates to methods and compositions for treatment of one or more symptoms of gluten intolerance and related conditions (e.g., celiac disease and gluten sensitivity) by administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more Nepenthes enzymes.
1. A method for attenuating one or more symptoms of gluten intolerance in a patient in need thereof, which method comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising neprosin, wherein the effective amount comprises a total daily protein ingested by the patient to enzyme ratio of between about 100:1 and about 15000:1, so as to cleave gluten into non-antigenic peptides, thereby attenuating said symptoms.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount comprises a total daily protein ingested by the patient to enzyme ratio of between about 1000:1 and about 15000:1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount comprises a total daily protein ingested by the patient to enzyme ratio of between about 2000:1 and about 1:1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a protease.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the protease is an endopeptidase.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the protease is pepsin.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises said protease and neprosin at a ratio of about 1:4 (protease:neprosin).
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises said protease and neprosin at a ratio of about 1:50 (protease:neprosin).
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises said protease and neprosin at a ratio of about 1:100 (protease:neprosin).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is orally administered prior to, during, or immediately after consumption of a gluten-containing food.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient suffers from a disease selected from the group consisting of celiac disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, nutrient malabsorption, and dermatitis herpetiformis.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a sustained-release formulation.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an extract of Nepenthes pitcher fluid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neprosin is a recombinant protein.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is between about pH 5 and about pH 8.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises nepenthesin I.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises nepenthesin II.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises nepenthesin I and nepenthesin II.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising neprosin and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the neprosin is a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence homology to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1, and further comprising a nepenthesin enzyme or variant thereof, wherein the ratio of neprosin to nepenthesin enzyme in the composition is between about 1:1 and about 1:10.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , wherein the nepenthesin enzyme or variant thereof is nepenthesin I, nepenthesin II, and/or a mixture thereof.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises neprosin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:4 (neprosin:nepenthesin).
22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises neprosin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:50 (neprosin:nepenthesin).
23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises neprosin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:100 (neprosin:nepenthesin).
24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , which is a sustained release formulation.
25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , which is a solid composition, wherein the pH of the composition is above pH 5.
26. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 , further comprising at least one additional protease.
27. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein the at least one additional protease is an endopeptidase.
28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein the at least one additional protease is pepsin.
29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition comprises pepsin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:4 (pepsin:nepenthesin).
30. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition comprises pepsin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:50 (pepsin:nepenthesin).
31. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition comprises pepsin and nepenthesin I and/or nepenthesin II at a ratio of about 1:100 (pepsin:nepenthesin).