Apparatus and methods for spectrum scheduling in heterogeneous wireless networks
Apparatus and methods for coordinating operation of two or more wireless networks operating within a common area or venue. In one embodiment, the apparatus and methods provide mechanisms for scheduling access node(s) of one or more of the wireless networks relative to others of the networks so as to minimize interference or contention for common frequency resources (e.g., unlicensed spectrum such as that used by WLAN, NR-U or LTE-U technologies). In one variant, a network coordinator process generates schedule data that is pushed to one or more of the wireless networks that specifies temporal and spatial aspects wherein access nodes of the recipient one or more networks can operate (e.g., transmit) with suitable levels of interference from other wireless network(s) operating within the area or venue. The schedule data is separate from underlying protocol scheduling by the access nodes, thereby preserving all operational aspects of the underlying wireless protocols.
1. A method of operating a network comprising first and second wireless radio access technologies (RATs), the method comprising:
identifying one or more spatial regions where at least one of contention or interference between the first and second wireless RATs exists or will exist; and
based at least on the identifying, applying a time-based schedule to at least one of the first wireless RAT or the second wireless RAT such that at least a portion of the at least one of the contention or the interference is avoided within the identified one or more spatial regions;
wherein the operating of the network is performed by a common network operator responsible for both the first wireless RAT and the second wireless RAT, the common network operator comprising a cable multiple systems operator (MSO), and at least one of the first wireless RAT and the second wireless RAT are backhauled to at least a core network of the MSO by one or more data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) infrastructure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more spatial regions are disposed within at least one of a prescribed area or venue, and the first wireless RAT and second wireless RAT comprise different wireless protocols that are incompatible with one another.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first wireless RAT and the second wireless RAT are each configured to operate in a common frequency band.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the common frequency band comprises an unlicensed frequency band;
the first and second wireless RATs each comprise one or more respective medium access protocols useful in access of the common frequency band; and
the applying the time-based schedule obviates use of the respective one or more medium access protocols for at least one of the first and second wireless RATs.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first wireless RAT comprises at least one of a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology or a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) technology, and the second wireless RAT comprises a Wi-Fi (IEEE Std. 802.11) based technology.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
identifying one or more second spatial regions where the at least one of contention or interference is below a prescribed threshold; and
excluding the identified second spatial regions from further evaluation.
7. A computerized method of operating a network comprising first and second wireless radio access technologies (RATs), the computerized method comprising:
identifying one or more spatial regions where at least one of contention or interference between the first and second wireless RATs exists or will exist;
based at least on the identifying, applying a time-based schedule to at least one of the first wireless RAT or the second wireless RAT such that at least a portion of the at least one of the contention or the interference is avoided within the identified one or more spatial regions; and
iteratively performing the identifying of the one or more spatial regions and the applying of the time-based schedule, each iteration based at least in part on one or more data parameter relating to one or more of the first or second wireless RATs that has been updated since an immediately prior iteration.
8. The computerized method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more spatial regions are disposed within at least one of a prescribed area or venue, and the first wireless RAT and second wireless RAT comprise different wireless protocols that are incompatible with one another.
9. The computerized method of claim 7 , wherein the first wireless RAT comprises at least one of a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology or a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) technology, and the second wireless RAT comprises a Wi-Fi (IEEE Std. 802.11) based technology.
10. The computerized method of claim 7 , further comprising:
identifying one or more second spatial regions where the at least one of the contention or the interference is below a prescribed threshold; and
excluding the identified one or more second spatial regions from further evaluation.
11. A computerized method of operating a network comprising first and second wireless radio area technologies (RATs), the computerized method comprising:
identifying one or more spatial regions where at least one of contention or interference between the first and second wireless RATs exists or will exist, the one or more spatial regions are disposed within at least one of a prescribed area or venue, the identifying of the one or more spatial regions comprising:
(i) obtaining a heat map for at least portions of the prescribed area or the venue;
(ii) algorithmically applying a grid scheme to the at least portions of the prescribed area or the venue; and
(iii) utilizing the grid scheme and the heat map to identify the one or more spatial regions; and
based at least on the identifying, applying a time-based schedule to at least one of the first wireless RAT or the second wireless RAT such that at least a portion of the at least one of the contention or the interference is avoided within the identified one or more spatial regions.
12. A computerized network device configured to communicate with at least two wireless networks each having one or more access nodes, the one or more access nodes supporting at least one wireless access technology, the at least two wireless networks serving at least a prescribed service area or venue, the computerized network device comprising:
processor apparatus;
network interface apparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to at least receive data from each of the at least two wireless networks; and
computerized logic in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerized network device to:
receive at least one first data element from a first one of the at least two wireless networks, the at least one first data element relating to operation of at least one wireless access node within the first one of the at least two wireless networks, the at least one wireless access node (i) comprising at least one of a 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) eNB (eNodeB) or 5G NR (New Radio)-compliant gNB (gNode B), configured to operate in one or more RF bands within 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) Frequency Range 1 (FR1), the one or more RF bands within the 3GPP NR FR1 comprising a CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) band within the band of 3.550 to 3.700 GHz inclusive, and (ii) functioning as a CAT-A or CAT-B Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD);
process the received at least one first data element to produce information facilitating scheduling of at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks, the second one of the at least two wireless networks comprises at least one access node configured to operate in one or more RF bands which overlap with the 3GPP NR FR1; and
cause transmission of the produced information to the at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks.
13. The computerized network device of claim 12 , wherein the at least one wireless access node within the first one of the network is configured for wireless data communication with a plurality of CBRS fixed wireless apparatus (FWA) disposed within the prescribed service area or the venue.
14. A computerized network device configured to communicate with at least two wireless networks each having one or more access nodes, the one or more access nodes supporting at least one wireless access technology, the at least two wireless networks serving at least a prescribed service area or venue, the computerized network device comprising:
processor apparatus;
network interface apparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to at least receive data from each of the at least two wireless networks; and
computerized logic in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerized network device to:
receive at least one first data element from a first one of the at least two wireless networks, the at least one first data element relating to operation of at least one wireless access node within the first one of the at least two wireless networks;
process the received at least one first data element to produce information facilitating scheduling of at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks, the produced information comprising information specifying scheduling according to a time slotted protocol to be utilized by at least the at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks, the time slotted protocol utilizing a different time reference than a time reference used by a time division duplex (TDD) protocol associated with the at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks; and
cause transmission of the produced information to the at least one second one of the at least two wireless networks.
15. The computerized network device of claim 14 , wherein the computerized logic is further configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerized network device to:
use at least one hint data as part of production of the information specifying scheduling, the at least one hint data relating to scheduling information of the TDD protocol.
16. The computerized network device of claim 15 , wherein the at least one hint data comprises IEEE Std. 802.11ax TWT (target wait time) data.
17. The computerized network device of claim 14 , wherein the computerized network device comprises a coordinator node configured to impose a temporo-spatial access scheme on at least one of the at least two wireless networks in order to enhance spectral use efficiency within the prescribed service area or the venue.
18. The computerized network device of claim 14 , wherein the computerized logic is further configured to, when executed by the processor apparatus, cause the computerized network device to:
identify one or more spatial regions where at least one or contention or interference between the at least two wireless networks exists or will exist, the identification comprising:
(i) obtainment of a heat map for at least portions of the prescribed service area or the venue;
(ii) algorithmic application of a grid scheme to the at least portions of the prescribed service area or the venue; and
(iii) utilization of the grid scheme and the heat map to identify the one or more spatial regions.
19. The computerized network device of claim 14 , wherein the computerized logic comprises cloud-based machine learning (ML) configured to utilize data to determine changes in user spatial density and load.
20. The computerized network device of claim 14 , wherein the at least two wireless networks comprise heterogeneous networks, the heterogeneous networks comprising a Wi-Fi (IEEE Std. 802.11) based technology and at least one of a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology or a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) technology.