Nonwovens having aligned segmented fibers
Nonwoven fabrics suitable for a wide variety of applications (e.g., healthcare, filtration, industrial, packaging, etc.) are provided. In one aspect, the nonwoven fabric includes a plurality of segmented fibers. Each of the plurality of segmented fibers may comprise a fiber axis and a plurality of alternating larger diameter and smaller diameter segments along the fiber axis. The plurality of segmented fibers may be substantially aligned in a first direction.
1. A nonwoven fabric, comprising:
a plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers, the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers are incrementally-stretched in a cross direction and substantially aligned in the cross direction;
wherein each of the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprises a fiber axis and a plurality of alternating larger diameter segments and smaller diameter segments along the fiber axis;
wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun fibers include a first meltspun fiber having a first larger diameter segment and smaller diameter segment along a first fiber axis of the first meltspun fiber, the first larger diameter segment has a first linear length and the first smaller diameter segments has a second linear length, and wherein the second linear length is greater than the first linear length; and
wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a machine direction elongation and a cross direction elongation, the machine direction elongation being greater than the cross direction elongation.
2. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers is a continuous fiber.
3. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the machine direction elongation at break is at least 3 times longer than the cross direction elongation at break.
4. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a cross direction tensile strength and a machine direction tensile strength, the cross direction tensile strength being at least 2 times stronger than the machine direction tensile strength.
5. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the larger diameter segments has a diameter from about 1 μm to about 100 μm, and at least one of the smaller diameter segments has a diameter from about 0.5 μm to about 25 μm.
6. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of alternating larger diameter segments and smaller diameter segments have a fiber diameter change Δd f between a first larger diameter segment and a first smaller diameter segment, and the fiber diameter change Δd f comprises from about 5% to about 60%.
7. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the larger diameter segments has a diameter that is at least 6% larger than at least one of the smaller diameter segments.
8. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a transition region between a respective first larger diameter segment and a respective first smaller diameter segment.
9. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 8 , wherein the transition region comprises a shoulder-like structure.
10. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise extensible non-elastic filaments.
11. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise at least one of a polypropylene, a polyethylene, a propylene-ethylene random copolymer, a propylene-ethylene block copolymer, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polybutylene terephthalate, a polytrimethylene terephthalate, a polylactic acid, a polyamide, or any combination thereof.
12. The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a polypropylene comprising a melt flow rate from about 10 g/10 min to about 2000 g/10 min tested at 230° C. according to ASTM 1238.
13. A multi-layer composite, comprising:
at least two layers, the at least two layers including at least one layer comprising a nonwoven fabric;
wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers, the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers are incrementally-stretched in a creoss direction and substantially aligned in the cross direction;
wherein each of the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprises a fiber axis and a plurality of alternating larger diameter segments and smaller diameter segments along the fiber axis, the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun fibers include a first meltspun fiber having a first larger diameter segment and a first smaller diameter segment along a first fiber axis of the first meltspun fiber;
wherein the first larger diameter segment has a first linear length and the first smaller diameter segment has a second linear length, and wherein the second linear length is greater than the first linear length; and
wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a machine direction elongation and a cross direction elongation, the machine direction elongation being greater than the cross direction elongation.
14. The multi-layer composite according to claim 13 , further comprising at least one non-segmented layer, at least one film layer, or both.
15. The multi-layer composite according to any one of claim 13 , wherein the at least two layers comprise (i) a first nonwoven fabric defined by the nonwoven fabric comprising a plurality of segmented fibers and (ii) a second nonwoven fabric, the first and second nonwoven fabrics being cross-lapped and bonded together.
16. A nonwoven fabric, comprising:
a plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers, the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers are incrementally-stretched in a cross direction and substantially aligned in the cross direction;
wherein each of the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprises a fiber axis and a plurality of alternating larger diameter segments and smaller diameter segments along the fiber axis;
wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun fibers include a first meltspun fiber having a first larger diameter segment and smaller diameter segment along a first fiber axis of the first meltspun fiber, and the first larger diameter segment has a first linear length and the first smaller diameter segments has a second linear length, wherein the second linear length is greater than the first linear length; and
wherein the plurality of incrementally-stretched meltspun segmented fibers comprise a cross direction tensile strength and a machine direction tensile strength, the cross direction tensile strength being at least 2 times stronger than the machine direction tensile strength.
17. A process for forming a nonwoven fabric, comprising
(a) forming a nonwoven web of partially-drawn fibers;
(b) stretching the nonwoven web at least twice in a first direction to form a plurality of segmented fibers; and
(c) bonding the plurality of segmented fibers to form the nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 ;
wherein each of the plurality of segmented fibers comprises a fiber axis and a plurality alternating segments of substantially different fiber diameters along the fiber axis, and wherein the plurality of segmented fibers are substantially aligned in the first direction.
18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein stretching the nonwoven web to form plurality of segmented fibers comprises:
(a) feeding the nonwoven web of partially-drawn fibers through a first stretching station to incrementally stretch the nonwoven sheet in the first direction;
(b) spreading the nonwoven web in the first direction; and
(c) feeding the stretched and spread nonwoven web through a second stretching station to further incrementally stretch the nonwoven web in the first direction,
wherein the first stretching station has a first incremental stretching distance, the second stretching station has a second incremental stretching distance, and the second incremental stretching distance is less than or equal to the first incremental stretching distance.
19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the plurality of segmented fibers are substantially aligned in the first direction after stretching at least 3 times in the first direction.