Prelithiation and method of manufacturing prelithiated anode using the same
The present disclosure relates to a prelithiation solution and a method for preparing a prelithiated anode using the same. The prelithiation solution and the method for preparing a prelithiated anode using the same according to the present disclosure allow uniform intercalation of lithium ions throughout the anode chemically in a solution via a simple process of immersing the anode in a prelithiation solution having a sufficiently low redox potential as compared to an anode active material. A prelithiated anode prepared by this method has an ideal initial coulombic efficiency and a lithium secondary battery with a high energy density can be prepared based thereon. In addition, the prepared anode is advantageously applicable to large-scale production due to superior stability even in dry air.
1. A prelithiation solution comprising a lithium organic complex of an aromatic hydrocarbon derivative, of which at least one benzene ring has a non-hydrogen substitute,
wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon derivative is one or more selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by any of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2:
wherein
in Chemical Formula 1,
each of R 1 and R 2 , which are identical to or different from each other, is C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
each of a and b is independently an integer from 0 to 2, wherein at least one is not 0,
if a is 2 or greater, two or more R 1 's are identical to or different from each other, and
if b is 2 or greater, two or more R 2 's are identical to or different from each other, and
in Chemical Formula 2,
each of R 3 and R 4 , which are identical to or different from each other, is C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
each of c and d is independently an integer from 0 to 2, wherein at least one is not 0,
if c is 2 or greater, two or more R 3 's are identical to or different from each other, and
if d is 2 or greater, two or more R 4 's are identical to or different from each other.
2. The prelithiation solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon derivative is one or more selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by any of Chemical Formulas 1-1 to 1-3 and 2-1 to 2-3:
3. The prelithiation solution according to claim 1 , wherein a solvent of the prelithiation solution is one or more selected from a group consisting of a cyclic ether and a linear ether.
4. The prelithiation solution according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the complex in the prelithiation solution is 0.01-5 M.
5. The prelithiation solution according to claim 1 , wherein the complex has a redox potential lower than 0.25 V versus Li/Li + .
6. A prelithiated anode including a prelithiation solution according to claim 1 .
7. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
(a) a prelithiated anode according to claim 6 ,
(b) a cathode, and
(c) an electrolyte.
8. A lithium-ion capacitor comprising:
(a) a prelithiated anode according to claim 6 ,
(b) a cathode, and
(c) an electrolyte.
9. A method for preparing a prelithiated anode, comprising:
(a) a step of preparing an anode comprising an anode active material layer formed on the surface of one or both sides of a current collector; and
(b) a step of preparing a prelithiated anode by immersing the anode in a prelithiation solution comprising a lithium organic complex of an aromatic hydrocarbon derivative, of which at least one benzene ring has a non-hydrogen substitute,
wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon derivative is one or more selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by any of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2:
wherein
in Chemical Formula 1, each of R 1 and R 2 , which are identical to or different from each other, is C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
each of a and b is independently an integer from 0 to 2, wherein at least one is not 0,
if a is 2 or greater, two or more R 1 's are identical to or different from each other, and
if b is 2 or greater, two or more R 2 's are identical to or different from each other, and
in Chemical Formula 2,
each of R 3 and R 4 , which are identical to or different from each other, is C 1 -C 4 alkyl,
each of c and d is independently an integer from 0 to 2, wherein at least one is not 0,
if c is 2 or greater, two or more R 3 's are identical to or different from each other, and
if d is 2 or greater, two or more R 4 's are identical to or different from each other.
10. The method for preparing a prelithiated anode according to claim 9 , wherein the anode active material is one or more selected from a group consisting of graphite, hard carbon, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, amorphous carbon, silicon, silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicide, silicon alloy, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, Ge, Sn, Sb, Al, Ag, Au and TiO 2 .
11. The method for preparing a prelithiated anode according to claim 9 , wherein the immersion of the step (b) is performed at a temperature of −10 to 80° C.
12. The method for preparing a prelithiated anode according to claim 9 , wherein the immersion of the step (b) is performed for 0.01-1440 minutes.