Continuous flow microfluidic system

1. A system for continuous flow operation of a microfluidic chip, the system comprising:

(1) a microfluidic chip, comprising:

(a) a first inlet configured to receive a first solution;

(b) a second inlet configured to receive a second solution; and

(c) a first mixer, comprising:

(i) a first inlet microchannel in fluid communication with and configured to receive the first solution from the first inlet;

(ii) a second inlet microchannel in fluid communication with and configured to receive the second solution from the second inlet; and

(iii) a mixing microchannel in fluid communication with the first and second inlet microchannels and configured to mix the first solution and the second solution to provide a nanoparticle solution; and

(iv) a mixer outlet in fluid communication with the mixing microchannel and configured to receive the nanoparticle solution from the mixing microchannel;

wherein:

the mixing microchannel is a Dean vortex bifurcating mixer (DVBM) comprising an inlet channel leading into a plurality of toroidal mixing elements arranged in series and including a first toroidal mixing element downstream of the inlet channel, a second toroidal mixing element in fluid communication with the first toroidal mixing element via a first neck region, and a third toroidal mixing element in fluid communication with the second toroidal mixing element via a second neck region;

the first and second neck regions are elongated channels;

the second neck region is disposed at a neck angle of 90 to 150 degrees relative to the first neck region;

the first toroidal mixing element has a first leg channel having a first fluidic impedance and a second leg channel having a second fluidic impedance, and the first fluidic impedance is greater than the second fluidic impedance; and

the second toroidal mixing element has a first leg channel having a third fluidic impedance and a second leg channel having a fourth fluidic impedance, and the third fluidic impedance is greater than the fourth fluidic impedance; and

(d) a chip outlet in fluid communication with the mixer outlet through a nanoparticle solution microchannel;

(2) a first continuous flow fluid driver configured to continuously drive the first solution from a first solution reservoir into the first inlet of the microfluidic chip;

(3) a second continuous flow fluid driver configured to continuously drive the second solution from a second solution reservoir into the second inlet of the microfluidic chip; and

(4) a system outlet in fluid communication with the chip outlet, wherein the system outlet is configured to output the nanoparticle solution.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second solution comprises a particle-forming material in a second solvent.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises a nucleic acid in a first solvent and the second solution comprises lipid particle-forming materials in a second solvent.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic chip is sterile.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of mixers disposed on the microfluidic chip, each of the plurality of mixers including a first inlet microchannel in fluid communication with the first inlet, a second inlet microchannel in fluid communication with the second inlet, a mixing microchannel in fluid communication with the first and second inlet microchannels, a mixer outlet in fluid communication with the mixing microchannel and with the chip outlet, wherein the plurality of mixers includes the first mixer.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of mixers includes a plurality of DVBM mixers.

8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a dilution element, wherein the dilution element comprises:

a third continuous flow fluid driver configured to continuously drive a dilution solution from a dilution solution reservoir into the system, via a dilution channel, in between the chip outlet and the system outlet.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a waste outlet in fluid communication with a waste valve in between the chip outlet and the system outlet, wherein the waste valve is configured to controllably direct fluid towards the waste outlet.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system includes a disposable fluidic path in fluid communication with and downstream from the chip outlet.

11. A sterile package comprising a sterile microfluidic chip according to the system according to claim 1 sealed within the sterile package.

12. A method of forming nanoparticles, comprising flowing a first solution and a second solution through the system according to claim 1 and forming a nanoparticle solution in the first mixer of the microfluidic chip.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the first fluidic impedance to the second fluidic impedance is about equal to the ratio of the third fluidic impedance to the fourth fluidic impedance.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first leg channel of the first toroidal mixing element has a first length and the second leg channel of the first toroidal mixing element has a second length, wherein the first length is greater than the second length.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the first leg channel of the second toroidal mixing element has a third length and the second leg channel of the second toroidal mixing element has a fourth length, wherein the third length is greater than the fourth length.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein a ratio of the first length to the second length is about equal to a ratio of the third length to the fourth length.