Diffusion barriers for metallic superconducting wires
In various embodiments, superconducting wires incorporate diffusion barriers composed of Nb alloys or Nb—Ta alloys that resist internal diffusion and provide superior mechanical strength to the wires.
1. A superconducting wire possessing diffusion resistance and mechanical strength, the superconducting wire comprising:
an inner wire stabilizing matrix comprising Cu;
disposed around the wire stabilizing matrix, a diffusion barrier comprising a Nb alloy containing 0.1%-20% W or a Nb—Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W; and
a plurality of composite filaments disposed around the diffusion barrier and separated from the wire stabilizing matrix by the diffusion barrier,
wherein:
each composite filament comprises (i) a plurality of monofilaments and (ii) a cladding comprising Cu surrounding the plurality of monofilaments,
each monofilament comprises a core comprising Nb and, surrounding the core, a cladding comprising Cu,
the diffusion barrier occupies 1%-20% of a cross-sectional area of the superconducting wire, and
the diffusion barrier extends through an axial dimension of the wire.
2. The wire of claim 1 , further comprising, disposed between the composite filaments and the diffusion barrier, an annular region comprising a Nb-based superconducting phase.
3. The wire of claim 2 , wherein the annular region comprises of Nb 3 Sn.
4. The wire of claim 2 , wherein the annular region conforms to and is contact with the diffusion barrier.
5. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier occupies 1%40% of the cross-sectional area of the superconducting wire.
6. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier occupies 2%40% of the cross-sectional area of the superconducting wire.
7. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier occupies 3%40% of the cross-sectional area of the superconducting wire.
8. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the core of each monofilament comprises Nb alloyed with at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Y, or La.
9. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the core of each monofilament comprises Nb 3 Sn.
10. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier comprises Nb-6W or Nb—Ta-3W.
11. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier additionally contains one or more alloying elements selected from the group consisting of Ru, Pt, Pd, Rh, Os, Ir, Mo, Re, or Si.
12. The wire of claim 11 , wherein the diffusion barrier is substantially free of Ta.
13. The wire of claim 1 , wherein a yield strength of the superconducting wire is at least 100 MPa.
14. The wire of claim 1 , wherein each of the composite filaments has a hexagonal cross-sectional shape.
15. The wire of claim 1 , wherein each of the monofilaments has a hexagonal cross-sectional shape.
16. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier comprises the Nb alloy containing 0.1%-20% W, the diffusion barrier being substantially free of Ta.
17. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion barrier comprises the Nb—Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W.
18. The wire of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilizing element comprising a Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W, a Nb alloy containing 0.1%-20% W, or a Nb—Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W.
19. The wire of claim 18 , wherein the stabilizing element comprises the Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W, the Ta alloy being substantially free of Nb.
20. The wire of claim 18 , wherein the stabilizing element comprises the Nb alloy containing 0.1%-20% W, the Nb alloy being substantially free of Ta.
21. The wire of claim 18 , wherein the stabilizing element comprises the Nb—Ta alloy containing 0.1%-20% W.