Shelf life mass polymerizable polycycloolefin compositions as optical materials
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.
1. A composition comprising:
a) one or more monomers of formula (I):
wherein:
m is an integer 0, 1 or 2;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 16 )alkyl, perfluoro(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 16 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkyl, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, perfluoro(C 6 -C 10 )aryl, perfluoro(C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, tri(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxysilyl and a group of formula (A):
—Z-Aryl (A)
wherein:
Z is a bond or a group selected from the group consisting of:
(CR 5 R 6 ) a , O(CR 5 R 6 ) a , (CR 5 R 6 ) a O, (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O—(SiR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —(CO)O—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O(CO)—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —(CO)—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , where a and b are integers which may be the same or different and each independently is 1 to 12;
R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C 2 -C 6 )acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branched hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy;
Aryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more of groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C 2 -C 6 )acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branched hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy;
b) an organo-ruthenium compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (II) and a compound of formula (III):
wherein
L is P(R) 3 , wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl and (C 6 -C 10 )aryl;
R 7 and R 8 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy and linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy;
R 9 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl and (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl;
Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl and substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, wherein each of said substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl;
c) a compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of formula (IVa), a compound of formula (IVb), a compound of formula (Va), a compound of formula (Vb) and a compound of formula (Vc):
wherein
n is an integer from 0 to 4;
x is an integer from 2 to 5;
y is an integer from 4 to 12;
each R 10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl and tert-butyl;
R 11 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy and halogen;
each R 12 is independently selected from the group consisting of iso-propyl, iso-butyl tert-butyl, iso-amyl and branched (C 5 -C 8 )alkyl; and
d) a photoactive compound of formula (VI):
wherein
Y is halogen; and
R 30 and R 31 are the same or different and independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkyl, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkoxy, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkoxy, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl and (C 6 -C 10 )-aryloxy; and
said composition is in a clear liquid form at room temperature.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises first and second monomer of formula (I) distinct from each other and one of said first and second monomers having a refractive index of at least 1.5 and viscosity below 100 centipoise, and wherein said first monomer is completely miscible with said second monomer to form a clear solution.
3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition forms a substantially transparent film when exposed to suitable actinic radiation.
4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein said film has a transmission of equal to or higher than 90 percent of the visible light.
5. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein said film has a transmission of equal to or higher than 95 percent of the visible light.
6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein:
L is selected from the group consisting of P(iPr) 3 , P(tert-Bu) 3 , PCy 3 and PPh 3 ;
R 7 and R 8 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl;
R 9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl;
Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl and 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl.
8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the organo-ruthenium compound of formula (II) or organo-ruthenium compound of formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of:
9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein:
n is an integer from 0 to 2;
each R 10 is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl and tert-butyl; and
R 11 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, phenoxy, fluorine and chlorine.
10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (IVa) is selected from the group consisting of:
N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-diethylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-diisopropylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-di-tert-butylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-dimethyl-2-methylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-di-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-4-amine;
2-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine; and
2-fluoro-N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine.
11. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (VI) is selected from the group consisting of:
12. The composition according to claim 1 , which is selected from the group consisting of:
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-dimethylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-2);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diethylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-3);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-4); and
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-2-(methylthio)phenoxy-ruthenium-triphenylphosphine chloride (Ru-5).
13. A kit for forming a substantially transparent film comprising:
a) one or more monomers of formula (I):
wherein:
m is an integer 0, 1 or 2;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 16 )alkyl, perfluoro(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 16 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkyl, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, perfluoro(C 6 -C 10 )aryl, perfluoro(C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, tri(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxysilyl and a group of formula (A):
—Z-Aryl (A)
wherein:
Z is a bond or a group selected from the group consisting of:
(CR 5 R 6 ) a , O(CR 5 R 6 ) a , (CR 5 R 6 ) a O, (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O—(SiR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —(CO)O—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —O(CO)—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , (CR 5 R 6 ) a —(CO)—(CR 5 R 6 ) b , where a and b are integers which may be the same or different and each independently is 1 to 12;
R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C 2 -C 6 )acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branched hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy;
Aryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more of groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C 2 -C 6 )acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branched hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy;
b) an organo-ruthenium compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (II) and a compound of formula (III):
wherein
L is PR 3 , wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl and (C 6 -C 10 )aryl;
R 7 and R 8 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy and linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyloxy;
R 9 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl and (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl;
Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are the same or different and each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl and substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, wherein each of said substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl; and
c) a compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of formula (IVa), a compound of formula (IVb), a compound of formula (Va), a compound of formula (Vb) and a compound of formula (Vc):
wherein
n is an integer from 0 to 4;
x is an integer from 2 to 5;
y is an integer from 4 to 12;
each R 10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl and tert-butyl;
R 11 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C 3 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy and halogen;
each R 12 is independently selected from the group consisting of iso-propyl, iso-butyl tert-butyl, iso-amyl and branched (C 5 -C 8 )alkyl; and
d) a photoactive compound of formula (VI):
wherein
Y is halogen; and
R 30 and R 31 are the same or different and independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C 3 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkyl, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 12 )cycloalkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )bicycloalkoxy, (C 7 -C 14 )tricycloalkoxy, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl and (C 6 -C 10 )-aryloxy.
14. The kit according to claim 13 , wherein the monomer of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:
15. The kit according to claim 13 , wherein the organo-ruthenium compound of formula (II) or organo-ruthenium compound of formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of:
16. The kit according to claim 13 , wherein the compound of formula (IVa) is selected from the group consisting of:
N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-diethylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-diisopropylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-di-tert-butylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-dimethyl-2-methylpyridin-4-amine;
N,N-di-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-4-amine;
2-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine; and
2-fluoro-N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine.
17. The kit according to claim 13 , wherein the compound of formula (VI) is selected from the group consisting of:
18. The kit according to claim 13 , which contains a mixture selected from the group consisting of:
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-1);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-dimethylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-2);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diethylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-3);
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-(2-oxobenzylidene)-2-(((2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imino)methyl)phenoxy)ruthenium (Ru-4); and
a mixture of 2-hexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (HexylTD), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-2-(methylthio)phenoxy-ruthenium-triphenylphosphine chloride (Ru-5).
19. A film comprising the composition of claim 1 .
20. A film formed from the kit of claim 18 .