Curative and method
A thermoset material containing β-hydroxyesters wherein said thermoset material is subject to a mechano-chemical process to regenerate an epoxide and a carboxylic acid functionality. A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce porosity-free castable resins and vulcanize rubber formulations based on epoxidized natural rubber. Materials made from disclosed materials may be advantageously used as leather substitutes.
1. A thermoset material containing β-hydroxyesters wherein said thermoset material is subject to a mechano-chemical mixing process to regenerate an epoxide and a carboxylic acid functionality such that said thermoset material may be uncured through a mechanical force applied to said thermoset material during said mechano-chemical mixing process and subsequently recured.
2. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said thermoset material comprises a reaction product between an epoxidized triglyceride and a naturally occurring polyfunctional carboxylic acid.
3. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said mechano-chemical process transforms the thermoset material into a millable gum.
4. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said regenerated epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is sufficient to affect a re-crosslinking of said thermoset material after said mechano-chemical process.
5. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein:
a. said thermoset material is added to an epoxidized natural rubber, and
b. said thermoset material acts as a curative for the epoxidized natural rubber.
6. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said thermoset material is added to an epoxidized natural rubber as a sole curative.
7. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said thermoset material constitutes over 20% by weight of an elastomeric content of a rubber compound.
8. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein said epoxidized natural rubber constitutes over 20% by weight of an elastomeric content of said thermoset material.
9. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein a power-per-unit-volume of said thermoset material required to regenerate said epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is at least 1.9×10 5 W/l.
10. The thermoset material according to claim 1 wherein a power-per-unit-volume of said thermoset material required to regenerate said epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is between 1.9×10 5 W/l and 6.67×10 5 W/l.
11. A thermoset material containing β-hydroxyesters wherein said thermoset material is subject to a mechano-chemical mixing process and uncured by said mechano-chemical mixing process such that a recycled material produced thereby can be recured to a second thermoset material under a set of conditions substantially the same as those used to cure said thermoset material.
12. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said thermoset material is further defined as being cured via a reaction between an epoxidized plant-sourced triglyceride and a carboxylic acid, and wherein said reaction is reversible to regenerate an epoxide and a carboxylic acid functionality.
13. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said mechano-chemical process transforms the thermoset material into a millable gum.
14. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said regenerated epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is sufficient to affect a re-crosslinking of said thermoset material after said mechano-chemical process.
15. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein:
a. said thermoset material is added to an epoxidized natural rubber, and
b. said thermoset material acts as a curative for the epoxidized natural rubber.
16. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said thermoset material is added to an epoxidized natural rubber as a sole curative.
17. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said thermoset material constitutes over 20% by weight of an elastomeric content of a rubber compound.
18. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein said epoxidized natural rubber constitutes over 20% by weight of an elastomeric content of said thermoset material.
19. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein a power-per-unit-volume of said thermoset material required to regenerate said epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is at least 1.9×10 5 W/l.
20. The thermoset material according to claim 11 wherein a power-per-unit-volume of said thermoset material required to regenerate said epoxide and carboxylic acid functionality is between 1.9×10 5 W/l and 6.67×10 5 W/l.