Compositions and methods for stimulating ventilatory and/or respiratory
A method of stimulating ventilatory and/or respiratory drive in a subject in need thereof includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a cystine ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiments described herein relate to compositions and methods of stimulating ventilatory and/or respiratory drive in a subject in need thereof, and particularly relates to compositions and methods of treating breathing diseases and/or disorders associated with impaired ventilatory and/or respiratory drive.
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cystine ester or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, the pharmaceutical composition comprising greater than about 99% by weight of the D-isomer of the cystine ester (D-cystine ester) and less than about 1% by weight of the L-isomer of the cystine ester (L-cystine ester).
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is an aqueous composition.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is an aqueous composition suitable for intravenous administration.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the D-cystine ester has the formula:
where R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 3 -C 20 aryl, heterocycloalkenyl containing from 5-6 ring atoms, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl containing from 5-14 ring atoms, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H; or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the D-cystine ester is a D-cystine dialkyl ester or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 , wherein the D-cystine dialkyl ester is selected from the group consisting of D-cystine dimethyl ester, D-cystine diethyl ester, combinations thereof, or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
9. An injectable formulation comprising a cystine ester or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, the pharmaceutical composition comprising greater than about 99% by weight of the D-isomer of the cystine ester (D-cystine ester) and less than about 1% by weight of the L-isomer of the cystine ester (L-cystine ester).
10. The injectable formulation of claim 9 , wherein the composition is an aqueous composition.
11. The injectable formulation of claim 9 , wherein the composition is an aqueous composition suitable for intravenous administration.
12. The injectable formulation of claim 9 , wherein the D-cystine ester has the formula:
where R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 3 -C 20 aryl, heterocycloalkenyl containing from 5-6 ring atoms, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl containing from 5-14 ring atoms, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H; or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
13. The injectable formulation of claim 12 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently H or an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H.
14. The injectable formulation of claim 12 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a H.
15. The injectable formulation of claim 9 , wherein the D-cystine ester is a D-cystine dialkyl ester or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
16. The injectable formulation of claim 15 , wherein the D-cystine dialkyl ester is selected from the group consisting of D-cystine dimethyl ester, D-cystine diethyl ester, combinations thereof, or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.
17. The injectable formulation of claim 16 , wherein the D-cystine dialkyl ester is D-cystine dimethyl ester or an adduct, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a solvate thereof.