Axial field rotary energy device having PCB stator and variable frequency drive
An axial field rotary energy device or system includes an axis, a PCB stator and rotors having respective permanent magnets. The rotors rotate about the axis relative to the PCB stator. A variable frequency drive (VFD) having VFD components are coupled to the axial field rotary energy device. An enclosure contains the axial field rotary energy device and the VFD, such that the axial field rotary device and the VFD are integrated together within the enclosure. In addition, a cooling system is integrated with the enclosure to cool the axial field rotary energy device and the VFD.
1. A system, comprising:
an axial field rotary energy device having an axis, a printed circuit board (PCB) stator and rotors having respective permanent magnets (PM), and the rotors are configured to rotate about the axis relative to the PCB stator;
a variable frequency drive (VFD) comprising VFD modules electrically and mechanically coupled to the axial field rotary energy device, and the VFD has a phase input and a phase output;
a device enclosure that is sealed containing the axial field rotary energy device;
a VFD enclosure that is sealed containing the VFD, and the VFD enclosure comprises components to remove heat from the VFD; and
a cooling system coupled to and driven by the rotors for circulating air flow to cool both the axial field rotary energy device and the VFD enclosure, wherein a first impeller of the cooling system is located between the rotors inside the sealed device enclosure and circulates air flow in the sealed device enclosure that is constrained to flow through air gaps between the PCB stator and the rotors, a second impeller of the cooling system is located directly between and coupled to the device enclosure and the VFD enclosure and circulates air flow inside a volume between the VFD enclosure and the device enclosure around an exterior of the VFD enclosure and an exterior of the axial field rotary energy device, the air flow from the second impeller enters the volume axially then radially inward between the axial field rotary energy device enclosure and an air baffle, and flows radially outward along the VFD enclosure to exit the volume.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the VFD comprises a first printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) having an inverter module consisting of silicon carbide MOSFETs, and a second PCBA having a rectifier module; and
both the device enclosure and the VFD enclosure have external surfaces axially oriented toward each other, and the cooling system directly cools the external surfaces.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the silicon carbide MOSFETs are mounted to a thermal pad coupled to the VFD enclosure; and
the cooling system has radial air inlets where the air flow radially enters the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the device enclosure, and radial air outlets where the air flow exits the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the external surface of the VFD enclosure.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the thermal pad is formed from a thermally conductive material that is different from a material that forms the VFD enclosure.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the thermal pad is integrally formed with the VFD enclosure.
6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the silicon carbide MOSFETs are packaged as discrete devices; and
the cooling system has axially-directed air inlets where the air flow axially enters the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the device enclosure, and radial air outlets where the air flow exits the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the external surface of the VFD enclosure.
7. The system of claim 2 , wherein the silicon carbide MOSFETs are packaged as half-bridge modules; and
the cooling system has axially-directed air inlets where the air flow axially enters the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the device enclosure, and radial air outlets where the air flow exits the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the external surface of the VFD enclosure.
8. The system of claim 2 , wherein the silicon carbide MOSFETs are packaged as a 6-pulse-bridge module; and
the cooling system has axially-directed air inlets where the air flow axially enters the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the device enclosure, and radial air outlets where the air flow exits the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the external surface of the VFD enclosure.
9. The system of claim 2 , wherein the VFD comprises a DC bus having a first section coupled to an inverter module printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) and a second section coupled to a rectifier module PCBA.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the first and second sections of the DC bus comprise substantially the same capacitance value.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the first and second sections of the DC bus comprise different capacitance values.
12. The system of claim 2 , wherein the rectifier PCBA has a rectifier bridge consisting of discrete devices, the VFD enclosure comprises radial fins, and the cooling system is configured to direct airflow radially along the radial fins.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the rectifier bridge discrete devices are mounted to a thermal pad that is coupled to the VFD enclosure.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal pad is formed from a thermally conductive material that differs from a material that forms the VFD enclosure.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal pad is integrally formed with the VFD enclosure.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the VFD housing further comprises a rectifier printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) having a rectifier bridge packaged as a single module; and
the cooling system has axial air inlets where the air flow axially enters the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the device enclosure, and radial air outlets where the air flow exits the volume, formed by fins between the air baffle and the VFD enclosure.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the rectifier bridge module is mounted to a thermal pad coupled to the VFD enclosure.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the thermal pad is formed from a thermally conductive material that differs from a material that forms the VFD enclosure.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the thermal pad is integrally formed with the VFD enclosure.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the VFD has an I/O module that comprises at least one of Ethernet, Industrial Ethernet, RS485, WIFI, cellular or a Bluetooth communication interface.
21. A system, comprising:
an axial field rotary energy device having an axis, a printed circuit board (PCB) stator, sensors for monitoring a status of the device, rotors having respective permanent magnets (PM), the rotors are configured to rotate about the axis relative to the PCB stator, and the axial field rotary energy device is mechanically enclosed in a device enclosure that is sealed;
a variable frequency drive (VFD) comprising VFD modules electrically coupled to the axial field rotary energy device, at least one VFD module comprises a VFD control module, the VFD control module is coupled to sensors in the axial field rotary energy device, and the VFD is enclosed in a VFD enclosure that is sealed;
a contactor coupled between the VFD and the axial field rotary energy device, and the contactor is configured to be independently controlled by the VFD control module;
a cooling system coupled to and driven by the rotors for cooling both the axial field rotary energy device and the VFD, and the cooling system is located directly between and coupled to the device enclosure and the VFD enclosure; and
both the device enclosure and the VFD enclosure have external surfaces that axially oriented toward each other, a first impeller of the cooling system is located between the rotors inside the sealed device enclosure and circulates air flow in the sealed device enclosure that is constrained to flow through air gaps between the PCB stator and the rotors, and a second impeller of the cooling system directly cools the external surfaces by circulating air flow inside a volume between the VFD enclosure and the device enclosure, the air flow from the second impeller enters the volume axially then radially inward between the axial field rotary energy device enclosure and an air baffle, and flows radially outward along the VFD enclosure to exit the volume.
22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the VFD has one or more phases input.
23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the VFD has a direct current (DC) input.
24. The system of claim 21 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device can be electrically connected to and electrically disconnected from the VFD by closing and opening the contactor as controlled by the VFD control module.
25. The system of claim 21 , wherein the VFD comprises an I/O module having at least one of Ethernet, Industrial Ethernet, RS485, WIFI, cellular or a Bluetooth communication interface.