Optical material and method for modifying the refractive index
An optical device comprising an optical hydrogel with select regions that have been irradiated with laser light having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 50 nJ and a wavelength from 600 nm to 900 nm. The irradiated regions are characterized by a positive change in refractive index of from 0.01 to 0.06, and exhibit little or no scattering loss. The optical hydrogel is prepared with a hydrophilic monomer.
1. An optical device in the form of a contact lens, an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal ring, or a keratoprothesis, comprising a completely polymerized optical hydrogel polymeric material with select regions within the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material that have been irradiated with laser light from a focused, visible or near-IR laser having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 1000 nJ and a wavelength from 400 nm to 1500 nm while the optical hydrogel material is in an already completely polymerized condition, and non-irradiated regions within the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material that have not been irradiated with the laser light, wherein the irradiated regions are in the form of at least one area or volume filled structure formed by scanning the laser light over the select regions of the already completely polymerized optical hydrogel material and which are characterized by a change in refractive index in the irradiated regions relative to the refractive index of the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material in the non-irradiated regions.
2. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the area or volume filled structure is defined by a series of line scans, the line scans having a width from 0.2 μm to 3 μm, and a height from 0.4 μm to 8 μm, wherein the height is measured in a Z-direction parallel to the laser light.
3. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the area or volume filled structure is a vertically stacked structure wherein the irradiated regions are formed separately in different planes in the hydrogel in a Z-direction parallel to the laser light.
4. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical hydrogel is prepared from (meth)acrylate monomer selected from the group consisting 2-phenylethyl (meth)acrylate, methyl(meth)acrylate and 3-phenylpropyl (meth)acrylate.
5. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the pulse energy of the laser light is from 0.2 nJ to 10 nJ.
6. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the select regions of the completely polymerized optical hydrogel polymeric material have been irradiated with laser light from a focused, visible or near-IR laser which generates light pulses having a pulse width of 4 fs to 100 fs.
7. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical hydrogel is prepared from a hydrophilic monomeric component selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N.N-dimethyl-acrylamide and methacrylic acid.
8. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical hydrogel is prepared from a monomeric component present in the hydrogel in an amount of at least 70% by weight, and its homopolymer will have a refractive index of at least 1.50.
9. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the hydrogel is prepared with a cross-linking monomer, and the hydrogel will have a glass transition temperature not greater than 37° C. and an elongation of at least 150%.
10. The optical device of claim 1 selected from an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal ring or a keratoprothesis.
11. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein the optical device is an intraocular lens.
12. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical device is a contact lens.