Programmable bacteria for the treatment of cancer
Disclosed herein are programmable bacteria for tumor-targeted immunotherapeutic delivery. In certain embodiments, the programmable bacteria comprise at least one synchronized lysis circuit contained in a single operon which are capable of being further engineered to cyclically produce anti-cancer therapeutic agents including but not limited to nanobodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors and over-expressed markers in cancers, toxins, tumor antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. In some embodiments, the programmable bacteria comprise at least one synchronized lysis circuit contained in a single operon and at least one plasmid producing a therapeutic agent, i.e., at least one plasmid comprising a nucleic acid sequence which encodes a therapeutic agent. The disclosure also provides methods of curing and treating cancer using the programmable bacteria.
1. A programmable bacterium, comprising:
a. at least one synchronized lysis circuit, contained in a single operon and integrated into the genome of the bacterium;
b. at least one plasmid comprising a nucleic acid sequence which encodes a therapeutic agent, wherein the at least one plasmid is a high copy plasmid,
wherein the programmable bacterium delivers the therapeutic agent to a tumor and activates an immune response against the tumor, and
wherein the at least one synchronized lysis circuit comprises a nucleic acid encoding a quorum-sensing gene, a nucleic acid encoding a lysis gene, a promoter, and a terminator contained on a single operon.
2. The programmable bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is E. coli.
3. The programmable bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is E. coli Nissle 1917 bacteria.
4. The programmable bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synchronized lysis circuit comprises a plux promoter, a nucleic acid encoding a LuxR gene, a nucleic acid encoding a luxl gene, a nucleic acid encoding the lysis gene E from bacteriophage ΦXΓ74, and a terminator contained on a single operon.
5. The programmable bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is chosen from the group consisting of nanobodies to checkpoint inhibitors and over-expressed markers in cancers, toxins, tumor antigens, cytokines, and chemokines.
6. The programmable bacterium of claim 5 , wherein the therapeutic agent is a nanobody to checkpoint inhibitors and is chosen from the group consisting of CTLA-4 and PDL1.
7. The programmable bacterium of claim 5 , wherein the therapeutic agent is a nanobody to an over-expressed marker in cancer and is chosen from the group consisting of CD47 and SIRPα.
8. A composition comprising the programmable bacterium of claim 1 .
9. The composition of claim 8 , further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
10. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the programmable bacterium of claim 1 .
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein a therapeutically effective amount a first and a second programmable bacterium is administered to the subject, wherein the first and the second programmable bacterium differ in one or more of the following traits: strain of bacterium, and the therapeutic agent.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cancer to be treated is chosen from the group consisting of primary cancer and metastatic cancer.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cancer to be treated is chosen from the group consisting of include breast, melanoma, renal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colon cancer (CRC), lung cancer, esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer, glioblastoma, and glioma.
14. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 8 .
15. The method of treating cancer of claim 10 , wherein the programmable bacterium is administered by a method chosen from the group consisting of intratumoral, oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
16. The method of treating cancer of claim 1 , wherein a tumor which is reduced or eliminated does not contain a programmable bacterium.
17. A method of inducing systemic adaptive immunity in a subject with cancer, comprising administering the programmable bacterium of claim 10 , wherein the administration of the programmable bacterium reduces or limits the growth of untreated tumors.
18. A method of inducing systemic adaptive immunity in a subject with cancer, comprising administering the composition of claim 8 , wherein the administration of the programmable bacterium reduces or limits the growth of untreated tumors.