Systems and methods for impervious surface detection and classification

1. A computer-based method of identifying impervious surfaces based on aerially collected geographic surface data, the method performed by an impervious surface mapping computing system comprising instructions stored in a memory, which when executed by one or more processors of the impervious surface mapping computing system, cause the impervious surface mapping computing system to perform the method comprising:

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, aerially collected geographic surface data from a target geographic area, wherein the target geographic area comprises parcels, and wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises a plurality of pixels;

based on a zone grouping threshold associated with the aerially collected geographic surface data, grouping the aerially collected geographic surface data into a plurality of geographic zones;

for each of the plurality of geographic zones:

segmenting, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, adjoining pixels of the aerially collected geographic surface data into a plurality of segments; and

classifying, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, each of the plurality of segments; and

based on parcel data associated with the target geographic area and one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces for a target geographic area, determining, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, a derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area, wherein determining the derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area is based on a surface type identified within the parcel, wherein based on the one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces, a gravel is not to be included in the derived area of impervious surface and pavement is to be included in the derived area of impervious surface.

2. The computer-based method of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of geographic zones, the impervious surface mapping computing system determines a unique set of classification parameters.

3. The computer-based method of claim 1 , wherein the grouping of the aerially collected geographic surface data into the plurality of geographic zones is based on vegetation index.

4. The computer-based method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of geographic zones comprises a first zone having at least a first percentage amount of vegetation and a second zone having less than the first percentage amount of vegetation.

5. The computer-based method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of geographic zones comprises at least five geographic zones.

6. The computer-based method of claim 1 , wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises four-band imagery across the target geographic area.

7. The computer-based method of claim 6 , wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises elevational data across the target geographic area.

8. The computer-based method of claim 1 , wherein the derived area of impervious surface associated with at least one of the parcels within the target geographic area includes an area of impervious surface that extends beyond a property line of the at least one of the parcels.

9. The computer-based method of claim 8 , wherein the area of impervious surface that extends beyond the property line of the at least one of the parcels is bounded by a road edge.

10. The computer-based method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining that at least some of the derived area of impervious surface is a municipal sidewalk; and

based on the one or more rules for identifying impervious surfacest, subtracting the municipal sidewalk from the derived area of impervious surface.

11. The computer-based method of claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, a swimming pool based on the aerially collected geographic surface data;

determining, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, an area of the swimming pool; and

based on the one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces, either including the area of the swimming pool in the derived area of impervious surface or subtracting the area of the swimming pool from the derived area of impervious surface.

12. The computer-based method of claim 1 , wherein the derived area of impervious surface comprises a plurality of types of impervious surfaces.

13. A computer-based method of identifying impervious surfaces based on aerially collected geographic surface data, the method performed by an impervious surface mapping computing system comprising instructions stored in a memory, which when executed by one or more processors of the impervious surface mapping computing system, cause the impervious surface mapping computing system to perform the method comprising:

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces for a target geographic area;

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, parcel data associated with the target geographic area;

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, aerially collected geographic surface data from the target geographic area, wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises a plurality of pixels, and wherein imagery data and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data is associated with each of the plurality of pixels;

segmenting, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, adjoining pixels of the aerially collected geographic surface data into a plurality of segments;

classifying, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, each of the plurality of segments based on the imagery data and the LIDAR data associated with each segment;

based on the parcel data and the one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces, determining, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, a derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area, wherein determining the derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area is based on a surface type identified within the parcel, wherein determining the derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area is based on a surface type identified within the parcel, wherein a first surface type is not to be included in the derived area of impervious surface and a second surface type is to be included in the derived area of impervious surface.

14. The computer-based method of claim 13 , wherein the derived area of impervious surface comprises an area obscured in the aerially collected geographic surface data, wherein the area obscured in the aerially collected geographic surface data is obscured by any of a tree and a shadow.

15. The computer-based method of claim 13 , wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises four-band imagery across the target geographic area.

16. A computer-based method of identifying impervious surfaces based on aerially collected geographic surface data, the method performed by an impervious surface mapping computing system comprising instructions stored in a memory, which when executed by one or more processors of the impervious surface mapping computing system, cause the impervious surface mapping computing system to perform the method comprising:

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, a municipal parameter set, wherein the municipal parameter set identifies one or more rules for identifying impervious surfaces for a target geographic area;

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, parcel data associated with the target geographic area;

receiving, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, aerially collected geographic surface data from the target geographic area, wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises a plurality of pixels, and wherein imagery data and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data is associated with each of the plurality of pixels;

segmenting, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, adjoining pixels of the aerially collected geographic surface data into a plurality of segments; and

classifying, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, each of the plurality of segments based on the imagery data and the LIDAR data associated with each segment;

based on the parcel data and the municipal parameter set, determining, by the impervious surface mapping computing system, a derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area, wherein determining the derived area of impervious surface associated with parcels within the target geographic area is based on a surface type identified within the parcel, wherein gravel is not to be included in the derived area of impervious surface and pavement is to be included in the derived area of impervious surface.

17. The computer-based method of claim 16 , further comprising:

based on a zone grouping threshold associated with the aerially collected geographic surface data, grouping the aerially collected geographic surface data into a plurality of geographic zones.

18. The computer-based method of claim 17 , wherein for each of the plurality of geographic zones, the impervious surface mapping computing system determines a unique set of classification parameters.

19. The computer-based method of claim 16 , wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises:

four-band imagery across the target geographic area; and

elevational data across the target geographic area.

20. The computer-based method of claim 18 , wherein the aerially collected geographic surface data comprises elevational data across the target geographic area.