Pozzolanic compositions containing coal ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec coal ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec coal ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C coal ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec coal ash into certifiable Class F coal ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C coal ash to a more valuable Class F coal ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F coal ash supplies and turn non-spec coal ash waste streams into valuable, certified coal ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.
1. A pozzolanic composition for use in concrete, said composition comprising coal ash combined with a natural pozzolan, wherein said natural pozzolan is present in a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %, and wherein said coal ash is a waste coal ash that does not meet any specifications for pozzolanic mixtures, pozzolan admixtures, or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
2. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of said natural pozzolan to said coal ash is from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1.
3. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein said natural pozzolan is a volcanic ash with pozzolanic properties.
4. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein said natural pozzolan is a material defined as a natural pozzolan pursuant to ASTM and/or AASHTO.
5. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein the combination of said natural pozzolan with said coal ash enhances the pozzolanic quality of said coal ash.
6. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein pozzolanic composition meets a specification under ASTM and/or AASHTO for pozzolanic mixtures, pozzolan admixtures, or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete.
7. The pozzolanic composition of claim 1 , wherein said pozzolanic composition does not meet a specification under ASTM and/or AASHTO for pozzolanic mixtures, pozzolan admixtures, or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete.
8. A pozzolanic composition for use in concrete, said composition comprising coal ash combined with a natural pozzolan, wherein said natural pozzolan is present in a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %, wherein said coal ash is Class F coal ash under ASTM and/or AASHTO, and wherein said pozzolanic composition is a Class F pozzolan under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
9. The pozzolanic composition of claim 8 , wherein the combination of said natural pozzolan with said coal ash enhances the pozzolanic quality of said coal ash.
10. The pozzolanic composition of claim 8 , wherein the combination of said natural pozzolan with said coal ash maintains the pozzolanic quality of said coal ash.
11. A method of producing a pozzolanic composition for use in concrete, said method comprising:
providing a coal ash that is from a coal-fired power plant, a landfill, a waste or containment pond, or a combination thereof;
providing a natural pozzolan; and
combining said coal ash with said natural pozzolan, to produce a pozzolanic composition, wherein said natural pozzolan is present in a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %,
wherein said pozzolanic composition meets a specification for pozzolanic mixtures, pozzolan admixtures, or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said combining said coal ash with said natural pozzolan comprises intergrinding said coal ash with said natural pozzolan.
13. The method of claim 11 , said method further comprising subjecting said coal ash to a containment activity prior to said combining said coal ash with said natural pozzolan.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein said natural pozzolan is present in a concentration of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % in said pozzolanic composition.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein said natural pozzolan is a material defined as a natural pozzolan pursuant to ASTM and/or AASHTO.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein said coal ash is a waste coal ash that does not meet any specifications for pozzolanic mixtures, pozzolan admixtures, or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein said coal ash is Class C coal ash under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein said coal ash is Class F coal ash under ASTM and/or AASHTO.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein said coal ash is upgraded by the presence of said natural pozzolan to enhance its pozzolanic quality prior to addition of said pozzolanic composition to concrete.
20. The method of claim 11 , said method further comprising introducing said pozzolanic composition into a cementitious mixture.
21. The method of claim 20 , said method further comprising producing a concrete product comprising aggregate and said cementitious mixture, or a reacted form of said cementitious mixture.