Doubly attenuated late liver stage malaria parasites and related compositions and methods
The disclosure relates to doubly attenuated malaria parasites that have had the functionality of LISP2 and PlasMei2 genes interrupted through genetic manipulation. The double attenuated malaria parasites disclosed herein are useful for methods and compositions for stimulating of vertebrate host immune systems because of the complete cessation of lifecycle progression in the late liver stage, while providing a comprehensive antigenic presentation representing wildtype liver stage parasites. The disclosure also relates to the additional blood stage and gametocyte antigens to compositions of genetically attenuated malaria parasites (GAPs) to enhance efficient immune stimulation and prevention of disease and transmission related to the presence of blood stage parasites.
1. A live Plasmodium organism that is genetically modified to disrupt PlasMei2 gene function, wherein a functional PlasMei2 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 90% identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, wherein the Plasmodium organism further comprises at least one transgene encoding an antigen, and wherein the Plasmodium organism infects a human host.
2. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the Plasmodium organism does not develop into a merozoite stage capable of infecting a red blood cell within a mammalian intermediate host.
3. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the life cycle development of the Plasmodium organism within a mammalian intermediate host arrests at a late-liver stage.
4. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae , or P. knowlesi.
5. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is P. falciparum.
6. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the antigen encoded by the transgene stimulates a host immune response when expressed by the Plasmodium organism in the host.
7. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 6 , wherein the transgene is under control of a promoter that results in transcription of the transgene during a sporozoite or liver stage of development.
8. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is also genetically modified to disrupt liver-specific protein 2 (Lisp2) gene function.
9. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 8 , wherein a functional LISP2 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 90% identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:13.
10. The live Plasmodium organism of claim 1 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is also genetically modified to disrupt a P52, P36, fabb/f, and/or SAP1 gene function.
11. A method for stimulating an immune response against an antigen in a host subject, comprising administering to the host subject a live Plasmodium organism that comprises at least one transgene encoding the antigen and is further genetically modified to disrupt PlasMei2 gene function, wherein a functional PlasMei2 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 90% identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and wherein the Plasmodium organism infects a human host and the antigen encoded by the transgene is expressed by the Plasmodium organism in the host and stimulates a host immune response.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the Plasmodium organism does not develop into a merozoite stage capable of infecting a red blood cell within a mammalian intermediate host.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the life cycle development of the Plasmodium organism within a mammalian intermediate host arrests at a late-liver stage.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae , or P. knowlesi.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the transgene is under control of a promoter that results in transcription of the transgene during a sporozoite or liver stage of development.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the antigen encoded by the transgene stimulates a host immune response when expressed by the Plasmodium organism in the liver stage of development within the host.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is also genetically modified to disrupt liver-specific protein 2 (Lisp2) gene function.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein a functional LISP2 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 90% identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:13.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the Plasmodium organism is also genetically modified to disrupt a P52, P36, fabb/f, and/or SAP1 gene function.