Heater for contaminant remediation

1. A heater comprising:

an emissive rigid bar having an emissivity in the range of 0.01 to 0.6;

a plurality of heater clips fixedly attached along the emissive rigid bar;

each of the plurality of heater clips comprising one or more non-conductive guides affixed to the emissive rigid bar;

a non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element with a first leg and a second leg, the first leg disposed through a first series of the one or more non-conductive guides, the second leg disposed through a second series of the one or more non-conductive guides, wherein the first leg and second leg are disposed parallel to one another and to the emissive rigid bar;

the first leg configured to, either directly or indirectly, attach to a first electrical conductor of a power source; and

the second leg configured to, either directly or indirectly, attach to a second electrical conductor of the power source,

the first electrical conductor and second electrical conductor having a differing voltage potential between the first electrical conductor and second electrical conductor to thereby supply electrical current to the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element;

wherein the emissive rigid bar with the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element is configured to be inserted into a casing of a heater well,

wherein the emissivity of the emissive rigid bar is configured to be varied along a length of the emissive rigid bar.

2. The heater of claim 1 wherein the emissive rigid bar comprises a plurality of segments that are configured to attach to one another to form different lengths.

3. The heater of claim 2 wherein the emissive rigid bar is constructed of stainless steel flat bar having cross-sectional dimensions of 3 millimeters by 19 millimeters.

4. The heater of claim 1 wherein the weight of the emissive rigid bar is selected to support the heater inside the casing without the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element contacting the casing.

5. The heater of claim 1 wherein the heater clips are configured to maintain a desired distance between the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element and walls of the casing and keep the first leg and the second leg of the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element from contacting each other.

6. The heater of claim 1 wherein the one or more non-conductive guides comprise ceramic, or porcelain, or other insulating material that can withstand temperatures to which the one or more non-conductive guides are exposed during remediation processes.

7. The heater of claim 1 wherein each of the one or more non-conductive guides has a thickness of 2 to 50 mm and an inside diameter of 2 to 45 mm.

8. The heater of claim 1 wherein the heater is constructed with a maximum diameter selected to position the heater within a central part of the casing to achieve a desired heat distribution within the casing without the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element contacting the casing even upon sagging.

9. The heater of claim 1 wherein the electrical conductors comprise a nickel cold-pin and copper conductor.

10. The heater of claim 1 wherein the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element has a diameter in the range of 2 millimeters to 12 millimeters.

11. The heater of claim 1 wherein the non-coiled, uninsulated, u-shaped resistive heating element comprises a NiChrome wire.

12. The heater of claim 1 further comprising the casing wherein the heater is disposed within the casing.

13. The heater of claim 1 wherein the rigid bar has an emissivity in the range of 0.1 to 0.35.

14. The heater of claim 1 wherein the emissivity of the emissive rigid bar is configured to be varied along the length of the emissive rigid bar by varying material or degree of polishing of the emissive rigid bar.