High temperature steam separation membrane
Ceramic proton-conducting oxide membranes are described herein, which are useful for separating steam from organic chemicals under process conditions. The membranes have a layered structure, with a dense film of the perovskite over a porous composite substrate comprising the perovskite material and a metallic material (e.g., Ni, Cu, or Pt). The perovskite comprises an ABO 3 -type structure, where “A” is Ba and “B” is a specified combination of Ce, Zr, and Y. The perovskite ceramic materials described herein have an empirical formula of Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ , wherein 0<x<0.8 (e.g., 0.1≤x≤0.7 or 0.2≤x≤0.5); and 0.05≤n≤0.2; and δ=n/2. In some embodiments n is about 0.2. In some other embodiments 0.6≤x≤0.8; and n is about 0.2, such as Ba(Ce 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 )O 3-δ , also referred to herein as BCZY712.
1. A porous membrane useful for steam separation, the membrane comprising:
(a) a shaped, porous substrate comprising a composite of a metal and a perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ , wherein 0<x<0.8; n is 0.2; and δ=n/2; and
(b) a dense film of the perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3- δ contacting and covering a surface of the shaped, porous substrate.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein 0.1≤x≤0.7.
3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein 0.2≤x≤0.5.
4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein 0.1≤x≤0.7.
5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein 0.2≤x≤0.5.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, and Pt.
7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has a porosity of about 10 to about 40 volume percent.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has a porosity of about 30 volume percent.
9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has a thickness of about 0.5 to about 2 mm.
10. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the dense film has a thickness of about 5 to about 30 μm.
11. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has a thickness of about 0.5 to about 2 mm; and the dense film has a thickness of about 5 to about 30 μm.
12. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises about 25 to about 100 percent by weight (wt %) of the perovskite and about 0 to about 75 wt % of the metal.
13. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises about 40 wt % of the perovskite and about 60 wt % of the metal.
14. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is in the shape of a tube and the dense film is on the interior of the tube.
15. A porous membrane useful for steam separation, the membrane comprising:
(a) a shaped, porous substrate comprising a composite of Ni and a perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ , wherein 0.6≤x≤0.8; n is 0.2; and δ=n/2; and
(b) a dense film of the perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ contacting and covering a surface of the shaped, porous substrate;
wherein the porous substrate has a thickness of about 0.5 to about 2 mm; the dense film has a thickness of about 5 to about 30 μm; the porous substrate has a porosity of about 10 to about 40 volume percent, and the porous substrate comprises about 25 to about 100 percent by weight (wt %) of the perovskite and about 0 to about 75 wt % of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, and Pt.
16. A porous membrane useful for steam separation, the membrane comprising:
(a) a shaped, porous substrate comprising a composite of Ni and a perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ , wherein x is about 0.7; n is about 0.2; and δ=n/2; and
(b) a dense film of the perovskite ceramic material of formula Ba(Ce x Zr 1-x-n Y n )O 3-δ contacting and covering a surface of the shaped, porous substrate;
wherein the porous substrate has a thickness of about 0.5 to about 2 mm; the dense film has a thickness of about 5 to about 30 μm; the porous substrate has a porosity of about 25 to about 35 volume percent; and the porous substrate comprises about 35 to about 45 wt % of the perovskite and about 55 to 65 wt % of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, and Pt.
17. The membrane of claim 16 , wherein the metal is Ni.
18. The membrane of claim 15 , wherein the metal is Ni.
19. The membrane of claim 15 , wherein the membrane is in the shape of a tube and the dense film is in the interior of the tube.