Polysiloxane-based objects and 3-dimensional printing method for making the same
Disclosed herein are embodiments of an additively manufactured polysiloxane-based object, as well as composition embodiments for making such object embodiments. Also disclosed are embodiments of a method for making the additively manufactured polysiloxane-based object using the composition embodiments described herein. The disclosed composition embodiments and method embodiments provide objects that are substantially free of contaminants that deleteriously affect structural integrity and that comprise a polymer skeleton consisting of oxygen-silicon bonds wherein the silicon component can further comprise one or more branching groups.
1. A printable precursor composition, comprising:
a polymerizable scaffold component comprising acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a combination thereof; and
a curable siloxane-containing component that is miscible with the polymerizable scaffold component;
wherein the printable precursor composition is free of, or does not comprise, a metal contaminant.
2. The printable precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the curable siloxane-containing component comprises:
a silicon-containing monomer or oligomer having a structure satisfying Formula I
wherein each of R 1 and R 2 independently is selected from hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; each R 3 independently is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; each R 4 independently is hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; n is an integer selected from 0 to 1,000,000; m is an integer selected from 1 to 1,000,000; and
a silicon-based crosslinker having a structure satisfying Formula II
wherein each X independently is halogen or OR 5 , wherein each R 5 independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; and Y is OR 5 , wherein each R 5 independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; —O—Si(X′) 3 , wherein each X′ independently is halogen or OR 5 , wherein each R 5 independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups; or hydrogen, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups.
3. The printable precursor composition of claim 2 , wherein the silicon-based crosslinker has a formula satisfying Formula IIA,
wherein each of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently is selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, haloaliphatic, haloheteroaliphatic, aromatic, or an organic functional group provided by any combination of such groups.
4. The printable precursor composition of claim 3 , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently is lower alkyl or phenyl.
5. The printable precursor composition of claim 3 , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently is methyl and each of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently is ethyl.
6. The printable precursor composition of claim 3 , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently is ethyl or phenyl and each of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently is methyl.
7. The printable precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the curable siloxane-containing component comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, or a combination thereof; and tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, or a combination thereof.
8. The printable precursor composition of claim 1 , further comprising an initiator, a dye, a polymerization quenching compound, a solvent, or any combination thereof.
9. A printable precursor composition comprising:
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a combination thereof;
polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, or a combination thereof;
tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate or a combination thereof;
an initiator; and
a dye; and
wherein the printable precursor composition is free of, or does not comprise, a metal contaminant.
10. A printed object formed from the printable precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the printed object comprises a cured structure having a polymeric backbone consisting of silicon-oxygen bonds formed from the curable siloxane-containing component.
11. The printed object of claim 10 , wherein the cured structure consists of polydimethylsiloxane.
12. A method, comprising:
providing a printable precursor composition comprising a polymerizable scaffold component and a curable siloxane-containing component;
exposing the printable precursor composition to an energy source that provides sufficient energy to polymerize the polymerizable scaffold component thereby providing an intermediate structure comprising a polymerized scaffold and the curable siloxane-containing component;
exposing the intermediate structure to conditions sufficient to cure the curable siloxane-containing component to provide a cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure comprising a polysiloxane having a polymer backbone that consists of oxygen-silicon bonds; and
removing the polymerized scaffold from the cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure by exposing the cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure to a washing solution comprising water, an alcohol, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein removing the polymerized scaffold further comprises exposing the cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure and the washing solution to heat, irradiation, a hydroxide component, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein exposing the intermediate structure to conditions sufficient to cure the curable siloxane-containing component comprises heating the intermediate structure.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method is performed using a digital light processing printer.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the printable precursor composition is free of, or does not comprise, a metal contaminant.
17. A method, comprising:
adding a printable precursor composition comprising (i) methacrylic acid or acrylic acid and (ii) a solution comprising polydimethylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, or a combination thereof; and tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, or a combination thereof to a digital light processing printer;
polymerizing the methacrylic acid or the acrylic acid using the digital light processing printer to provide an intermediate structure comprising a polymerized scaffold comprising polymetharylic acid or polyacrylic acid in physical association with the solution comprising the polydimethylsiloxane, the polydiphenylsiloxane, or both; and the tetraethyl orthosilicate, the tetrapropyl orthosilicate, or the combination thereof;
exposing the intermediate structure to a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to 100° C. to cure the polydimethylsiloxane, the polydiphenylsiloxane, or both; and the tetraethyl orthosilicate, the tetrapropyl orthosilicate, or both to provide a cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure comprising a polysiloxane having a polymer backbone that consists of oxygen-silicon bonds; and
removing the polymerized scaffold from the cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure by exposing the cured polysiloxane-polymerized scaffold hybrid structure to a washing solution.
18. A printed object formed from the printable precursor composition of claim 9 , wherein the printed object comprises a cured structure having a polymeric backbone consisting of silicon-oxygen bonds formed from the curable siloxane-containing component.
19. The printed object of claim 18 , wherein the cured structure consists of polydimethylsiloxane.