PH-responsive polymer-drug conjugates for enhanced antibacterial efficacy
Provided herein are polymer-drug conjugates with enhanced antibacterial efficacy. These conjugates include a polymer comprising a plurality of masked cationic functional groups and an antibiotic drug linked to the cationic polymer by a pH-sensitive linker. The masked cationic functional groups may be converted in aqueous solution to free cationic functional groups faster at a pH below 7 than a pH above 7. The cationic functional groups may be masked as either an uncharged functional group or by an ion pair with a neighboring anionic functional group attached to the polymer. The pH-sensitive linker releases the drug faster in aqueous solution at or below a pre-determined pH value selected from a range of 4.5 to 7 than a pH value above 7.
1. A polymer-drug conjugate comprising:
a polymer comprising a plurality of masked cationic functional groups wherein the masked cationic functional groups are converted in aqueous solution to free cationic functional groups faster at a pH below 7 than a pH above 7; wherein
the cationic functional groups are masked as either an uncharged functional group or by an ion pair with a neighboring anionic functional group attached to the polymer; and
an antibiotic drug linked to the cationic polymer by a pH-sensitive linker that releases the drug faster in aqueous solution at a pH value selected from a range of 4.5 to 7 compared to a pH value above 7; and wherein
the polymer comprises one or more disulfide bonds in a backbone of the polymer;
the plurality of masked cationic functional groups comprise amide, amine, amidine, guanidine, ammonium, amidinium, and/or guanidinium functional groups; and
the pH-sensitive linker is selected from the group consisting of hydrazone, 2,3-dimethyl maleic acid ester and/or amide, imine, ketal, acetal, and phenyl boronic acid and ester.
2. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of masked cationic functional groups are present in a backbone of the polymer, in one or more side-chains of the polymer, or in both the backbone and one or more side-chains of the polymer.
3. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of masked cationic functional groups of the polymer are present in one or more side-chains of the polymer.
4. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the neighboring anionic functional group attached to the polymer is a carboxyl or carboxylate group.
5. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 4 , wherein the anionic functional group is attached to the polymer as a 2,3-dimethylmaleic acid or cis-aconitic acid through an amide group.
6. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyurea, polyurethane, polypeptide, polyester, poly(β-amino ester) and combinations thereof.
7. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1 kD to 40 kD.
8. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 6 kD to 8 kD.
9. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises repeating subunits comprising an unbranched C 2-12 alkylene chain.
10. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyurea comprising repeating subunits comprising an unbranched C 2-12 alkylene chain and comprising disulfide bonds.
11. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 10 , wherein the repeating subunits comprise a cystine group.
12. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 10 , wherein the repeating subunits comprise a cystine group further comprising masked cationic functional groups.
13. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 12 wherein the masked cationic functional group comprises diethyltriamine attached to 2,3-dimethyl maleic acid via an amide bond.
14. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a subunit having one or two of the following structures:
wherein
one or both of n and p are independently an integer of 1-70;
R is H or —C(O)C(CH 3 )═C(CH 3 )C(O)OH; and
Drug is the antibiotic drug.
15. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 14 , wherein the polymer further comprises a subunit having the following structure:
wherein
one or both of n and p are independently an integer of 1-70;
q is 0-69, provided n+p+q=2-70; and
R is H or —C(O)C(CH 3 )═C(CH 3 )C(O)OH.
16. The polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the antibiotic drug is one or more of streptomycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, sulfathiazole, spectinomycin, roxithromycin, sisomicin, novobiocin, isoniazide, rifampicin, clarithromycin, salinomycin and roxithromycin.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
18. A method of treatment comprising administering to a subject suffering from a bacterial infection an effective amount of a polymer-drug conjugate of claim 1 .
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the bacterial infection comprises a drug-resistant bacterial strain and/or a bacterial biofilm.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the subject is infected with one or more of E. coli , MRSA, and P. aeruginosa.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the subject is human.
22. A polymer-drug conjugate comprising:
a polymer comprising a plurality of cationic functional groups selected from ammonium, amidinium, and/or guanidinium functional groups; and
an antibiotic drug linked to the cationic polymer by a pH-sensitive linker that releases the drug faster in aqueous solution at a pH value selected from a range of 4.5 to 7 compared to a pH value above 7;
wherein
the polymer comprises one or more disulfide bonds in a backbone of the polymer; and
the pH-sensitive linker is selected from the group consisting of hydrazone, 2,3-dimethyl maleic acid ester and/or amide, imine, ketal, acetal, and phenyl boronic acid and ester.