Method for transferring nanowires from a fluid to a substrate surface
A method for transferring an assembly of oriented nanowires from a fluid to a substrate surface, comprising: providing (FIG. 2 A) a fluid to a container, said fluid comprising a first liquid ( 11 ), a second liquid ( 12 ) and a plurality of nanowires ( 25 ), wherein the first and second liquids phase separate into a sub phase, a top phase, and an interface ( 13 ) between the sub phase and the top phase; wherein the nanowires are functionalized to align vertically into a nanowire aggregate at the interface; wherein the fluid is provided with a substance in a composition configured to change the composition of the top phase or the composition of the sub phase to counteract bulging of the interface (FIG. 2 B); and bringing the nanowire aggregate into contact with a substrate surface such that a majority of the nanowires are aligned with respect to each other on the substrate.
1. A method for transferring an assembly of oriented nanowires from a fluid to a substrate surface, comprising:
providing a fluid to a container, said fluid comprising a first liquid, a second liquid and a plurality of nanowires, wherein the first and second liquids phase separate into a sub phase, a top phase, and an interface between the sub phase and the top phase; wherein the plurality of the nanowires are functionalized to align vertically into a nanowire aggregate at the interface
providing a substrate in the container with the substrate surface substantially horizontal; and
bringing the nanowire aggregate into contact with the substrate surface such that a majority of the plurality of nanowires are aligned with respect to each other on the substrate,
wherein the step of bringing the nanowire aggregate into contact with a substrate surface comprises extracting liquid from the sub phase until the nanowire aggregate engages the substrate surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of the nanowires are provided in the second liquid, prior to combining the second liquid with the first liquid.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a subsequent amount of the second liquid to the top phase, such that a plurality of nanowire aggregates are interconnected into a larger contiguous nanowire aggregate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the fluid to the container comprises providing the plurality of the nanowires and the first fluid into the container prior to providing the second fluid into the container, followed by providing the second fluid into the container.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising changing the composition of the sub phase subsequent to forming the nanowire aggregate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the composition of the sub phase is changed by extracting an amount of the first liquid from the sub phase, and adding an amount of liquid to the sub phase, wherein the added amount of liquid has a different composition than the extracted amount of liquid, to increase a density of the sub phase.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid is immiscible with the second fluid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid is partially immiscible with the second fluid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of the nanowires comprise first nanowires made of a first material and second nanowires made of a second material different from the first material; and
the first nanowires comprise first semiconductor nanowires and the second nanowires comprise second semiconductor nanowires comprising a different semiconductor than the first nanowires.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first nanowires comprise first III-V semiconductor nanowires and the second nanowires comprise second III-V semiconductor nanowires comprising a different III-V semiconductor than the first nanowires.
11. The method of claim 10 , the first nanowires comprise binary III-V semiconductor nanowires and the second nanowires comprise ternary III-V semiconductor nanowires.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of the nanowires comprise first nanowires made of a first material and second nanowires made of a second material different from the first material; and
the first nanowires comprise GaP semiconductor nanowires and the second nanowires comprise different nanowires than the GaP semiconductor nanowires.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first and second nanowires have a dielectric surface coating.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the dielectric surface coating comprises silica or aluminum oxide.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of nanowires are provided with a metal catalyst particle at one end, and are functionalized by a compound comprising a molecule chain connecting to the catalyst particle.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the molecule chain is a thiol connecting by a sulfur atom to the catalyst particle.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the compound is 1-octadecanethiol or polyethyleneimine.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of nanowires are functionalized with a compound of the second liquid.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is provided on a support member in the container, and the liquid of the sub phase is extracted through a conduit connected to the container below the substrate surface.
20. A method for transferring an assembly of oriented nanowires from a fluid to a substrate surface, comprising:
providing a fluid to a container, said fluid comprising a first liquid, a second liquid and a plurality of nanowires, wherein the first and second liquids phase separate into a sub phase, a top phase, and an interface between the sub phase and the top phase, wherein the plurality of the nanowires are functionalized to align vertically into a nanowire aggregate at the interface and wherein the plurality of nanowires are functionalized with a compound of the second liquid; and
bringing the nanowire aggregate into contact with a substrate surface such that a majority of the plurality of nanowires are aligned with respect to each other on the substrate.