Battery thermal management system and method
The battery thermal management system includes a battery pack, a circulation subsystem, and a heat exchanger. The system can optionally include a cooling system, a reservoir, a de-ionization filter, a battery charger, and a controller.
1. An electric aircraft comprising:
a battery pack comprising:
a first and second cell;
a cold plate thermally connected to the first and second cells, the cold plate defining a first and second end;
thermal insulation arranged between the first and second cells;
a circulation loop comprising:
a pump comprising a pump inlet and a pump outlet; and
a distribution manifold connecting:
the pump outlet to the first end of the cold plate, and
the second end of the cold plate to the pump inlet,
wherein the circulation loop and the battery pack are configured to cooperatively store more than a threshold percentage of thermal energy generated by the battery pack during aircraft flight.
2. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the circulation loop further comprises a coupling configured to selectively connect the distribution manifold to an offboard cooling system.
3. The electric aircraft of claim 2 , further comprising:
an onboard battery management system (BMS) configured to command a flow rate of a working fluid through the distribution manifold during a battery charging mode; and
a fluid lockout mechanism communicatively connected to the onboard BMS and configured to selectively isolate the circulation loop from the offboard cooling system during the battery charging mode.
4. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the battery pack is arranged within a wing of the electric aircraft.
5. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , the circulation loop further comprising a reservoir configured to contain a volume of working fluid, wherein the reservoir is connected to the distribution manifold, wherein the threshold percentage is based on the volume of working fluid.
6. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the cold plate is configured to transfer heat from the first cell to the second cell.
7. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the cold plate defines a broad face, wherein the first and second cells are arranged on opposing sides of the broad face.
8. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the cold plate is rigidly connected to the first and second cells.
9. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the thermal insulation is selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, cellulose, fiberglass, carbon fiber, and polystyrene.
10. The electric aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the circulation loop is not connected to a sub-ambient loop comprising an onboard compressor.
11. An electric aircraft comprising:
a battery pack comprising a first and second cell;
a first circulation loop comprising:
a heat sink thermally connected to the first and second cells;
a distribution manifold fluidly connected to an interior of the heat sink, the distribution manifold and the heat sink cooperatively containing a working fluid;
a pump connected to the distribution manifold;
a coupling configured to selectively connect the distribution manifold to an extra-vehicular infrastructure,
wherein the first circulation loop and the battery pack are configured to cooperatively store more than a threshold percentage of thermal energy generated by the battery pack during aircraft flight.
12. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the battery pack is configured to generate thermal energy with a thermal power, wherein the circulation loop and the battery pack cooperatively store a first portion of the thermal power and reject a remainder of the thermal power, wherein the first portion is larger than the remainder.
13. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the first circulation loop further comprises a radiator thermally coupling the working fluid to air.
14. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , further comprising a second battery pack, the second battery pack thermally coupled to the first circulation loop, wherein the pump comprises a first and second set of windings electrically connected to the first and second batteries, respectively.
15. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , further comprising a second battery pack, the second battery pack thermally coupled to a second circulation loop which is decoupled from the first circulation loop.
16. The electric aircraft of claim 15 , wherein the first and second battery packs are symmetric about a mid-sagittal plane of the electric aircraft.
17. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the extra-vehicular infrastructure comprises an offboard cooling system, wherein the electric aircraft further comprises:
an onboard battery management system (BMS); and
a fluid lockout mechanism communicatively connected to the onboard BMS and configured to automatically decouple the circulation loop from the offboard cooling system in response to satisfaction of a decoupling condition.
18. The electric aircraft of claim 17 , wherein the decoupling condition comprises a mismatch between a flow rate commanded by the BMS and a measured flow rate.
19. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the battery pack is arranged within a wing of the electric aircraft.
20. The electric aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the circulation loop is not connected to a sub-ambient loop including an onboard compressor.