CO to CO
The invention is directed to a CO to CO 2 combustion promoter comprising microsphere sized porous silica and/or alumina comprising particles further comprising on or more Group VIII noble metals wherein the noble metal is distributed in the particle as an eggshell such that a higher content of noble metal is present in the outer region of the particle as compared to the content of noble metal in the center of the particle.
1. A CO to CO 2 combustion promoter comprising microsphere sized porous particles, each microsphere sized porous particle having a diameter of less than 1 mm, and independently comprising:
silica, alumina, or mixtures thereof; and
one or more Group VIII noble metals distributed in the particle as an eggshell such that a higher concentration of the one or more Group VIII noble metals is present in the outer region of the microsphere sized porous particle as compared to the concentration of the one or more Group VIII noble metals in the centre of the microsphere sized porous particle.
2. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality of microsphere sized porous particles comprising silica.
3. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality of microsphere sized porous particles comprising alumina.
4. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , comprising a first plurality of microsphere sized porous particles comprising silica and a second plurality of microsphere sized porous particles comprising alumina.
5. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality of microsphere sized porous particles comprising silica and alumina.
6. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles collectively have an average (D50) size of between 60 and 90 microns as measured by laser diffraction.
7. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles are gamma or theta alumina particles.
8. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles are spray dried silica particles.
9. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles are an equilibrium or spent catalyst as obtained from a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process.
10. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the attrition index as measured according to ASTM D-5757 of the CO to CO 2 combustion promoter for a sieve fraction of combustion promoter particles of between 40 and 105 microns is between 5 and 25.
11. The combustion promoter according to claim 10 , wherein the attrition index of the CO to CO 2 combustion promoter for a sieve fraction of combustion promoter particles of between 40 and 105 microns is between 10 and 20.
12. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more Group VIII noble metals comprises one or more of platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium.
13. The combustion promoter according to claim 12 , wherein the one or more Group VIII noble metals comprises platinum and palladium.
14. The combustion promoter according to claim 12 , wherein the one or more Group VIII noble metals comprises platinum.
15. The combustion promoter according to claim 12 , wherein the one or more Group VIII noble metals comprises palladium.
16. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles further comprise at least one of cerium oxide and copper oxide.
17. The combustion promoter according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one of cerium oxide and copper oxide is distributed in the microsphere sized porous particle as an eggshell such that a higher concentration of the at least one of cerium oxide and copper oxide is present in the outer region of the microsphere sized porous particle as compared to the concentration of the at least one of cerium oxide and copper oxide in the centre of the microsphere sized porous particle.
18. The combustion promoter according to claim 1 , obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
(a) introducing a medium in the pores of microsphere sized porous particles having a diameter of less than 1 mm to obtain microsphere sized porous particles with filled pores; and
(b) contacting the microsphere sized porous particles with filled pores with an aqueous salt solution of the one or more Group VIII noble metals wherein the one or more Group VIII noble metals deposits at a higher content in the outer region of the microsphere sized porous particles with filled pores as compared to the content of the one or more Group VIII noble metals in the centre of the microsphere sized porous particles with filled pores, thereby obtaining eggshell particles.
19. The combustion promoter of claim 18 , the process further comprising a step:
(c) at least one of drying and calcining the eggshell particles.
20. The combustion promoter according to claim 18 , wherein the microsphere sized porous particles having pores filled in step (a) are gamma alumina particles having an average (D50) size of between 60 and 90 microns, have a surface area (BET) of between 50 and 300 m 2 /g, and a pore volume of between 0.05 and 0.50 mL/g as measured by the water pore volume.
21. The combustion promoter according to claim 18 , wherein the medium in step (a) is water.
22. The combustion promoter according to claim 18 , wherein in step (b) the filled microsphere sized porous particles are contacted in step (b) with a volume of the aqueous salt solution of the one or more Group VIII noble metals which is less than the total volume of the pores of the starting microsphere sized particles.