Anti-proliferative agents comprising substituted benzo[e]pyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepines

1. A compound of formula (XV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein:

R 1 is O(CH 2 ) n C(O)NHR 7 , O(CH 2 ) n NHC(O)R 7 , or R 7 ;

R 7 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or C(CH 3 ) 3 ;

each n is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

R 2 is O(CH 2 ) s C(O)NHR 9 , O(CH 2 ) s NHC(O)R 9 , or R 9 ;

R 9 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or C(CH 3 ) 3 ;

each s is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

R 3 is C 1-6 alkyl;

(i) R 5 is H; and

R 6 is OH or OC 1-6 alkyl; or

(ii) R 5 and R 6 , taken together with the N atom and C atom to which they are attached, form N═C;

X 1 is —CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)O—, —NH—, —NHC(O)—, —O—, —OC(O)—, or —S—;

L is —C 1-12 alkylene-, —(OCH 2 ) 1-12 —, or —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 1-6 —;

wherein the —C 1-12 alkylene optionally contains one or more C—C double bonds or C—C triple bonds; and

wherein the —C 1-12 alkylene-, —(OCH 2 ) 1-12 —, or —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 1-6 — is optionally interrupted by one or more atoms or groups independently selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, phenylene, and C 5-9 heteroarylene;

X 2 is absent, —CH 2 —, —C(O)—, —C(O)NR 15 —, or —NR 15 C(O)—;

R 15 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

Y 3 is —NR 17 —;

R 17 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

Y 4 is CH;

Y 5 is CH or N;

q is 1;

Y 1 is CH or N;

Y 2 is CH or N;

R 19 is H or (CH 2 ) t NR 20 R 21 ;

R 20 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

R 21 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

p is 0;

t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

R 4 is phenyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, or benzothiazolyl, wherein the phenyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, or benzothiazolyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, (CH 2 ) j C(O)OR 11 , (CH 2 ) 11 NR R 12 , C(O)NH(CH 2 ) k C(NH)NR 11 R 12 , C(O)NH(CH 2 ) k NR 11 R 12 , C(O)NHR 24 , OH, OC 1-6 alkyl, and O(CH 2 ) k NR 11 R 12 ;

each R 11 is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl;

each R 12 is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl;

each R 24 is phenyl, wherein each phenyl is optionally and independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected (CH 2 ) j R 18 substituents;

each R 18 is independently C(O)OR 11 or NR 11 R 12 ;

each j is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and

each k is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

2. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R 1 is R 7 ;

R 7 is H;

R 2 is R 9 ; and

R 9 is H.

3. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 3 is CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 .

4. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is —C 1-12 alkylene-, wherein the C 1-12 alkylene is optionally interrupted by one, two, or three atoms or groups independently selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, phenylene, and C 5-9 heteroalylene.

5. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is —C 1-10 alkylene-, wherein the C 1-10 alkylene is optionally interrupted by one, two, or three groups independently selected from the group consisting of phenylene and C 5-9 heteroarylene.

6. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is —C 1-8 alkylene-, wherein the C 1-8 alkylene is optionally interrupted by one phenylene group.

7. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 4 is phenyl, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, or benzothiazolyl, wherein the phenyl, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, or benzothiazolyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, (CH 2 ) j C(O)OR 11 , (CH 2 ) j NR 11 R 12 , C(O)NH(CH 2 ) k NH 2 , C(O)NHR 24 , OH, OC 1-6 alkyl, and O(CH 2 ) k NR 11 R 12 .

8. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R 4 is phenyl, pyridyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or benzothiazolyl, wherein the phenyl, pyridyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or benzothiazolyl is optionally substituted with 1 substituent selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , (CH 2 ) j C(O)OCH 3 , (CH 2 ) j NH 2 , C(O)NHR 24 , OH, OCH 3 , and OCH 2 CH 3 ;

R 24 is phenyl, wherein the phenyl is substituted with 1 (CH 2 )R 18 substituent; and

j is 0.

9. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R 4 is:

R 22 is (CH 2 ) j C(O)OR 11 , (CH 2 ) j N 11 R 12 , or C(O)NHR 24 ;

R 23 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

R 24 is phenyl, wherein the phenyl is substituted with 1 (CH 2 ) j R 18 substituent;

Z 3 is —S—; and

Z 4 is CH or N.

10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is of formula (XIX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein:

(i) R 5 is H; and

R 6 is OH, OCH 3 , or OCH 2 CH 3 ; or

(ii) R 5 and R 6 , taken together with the N atom and C atom to which they are attached, form N═C;

L is —C 1-8 alkylene-;

R 22 is (CH 2 ) j C(O)OR 11 , (CH 2 ) j NR 11 R 12 , or C(O)NHR 24 ;

R 11 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or C(CH 3 ) 3 ;

R 12 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or C(CH 3 ) 3 ;

R 24 is phenyl, wherein the phenyl is substituted with 1 (CH 2 ) j R 18 substituent; and

j is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

11. The compound of claim 10 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 and R 6 , taken together with the N atom and C atom to which they are attached, form N═C.

12. The compound of claim 10 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, or —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —.

13. The compound of claim 10 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

L is —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, or —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —;

R 22 is (CH 2 ) j C(O)OR 11 or (CH 2 ) j NR 11 R 12 ;

R 11 is H, CH 3 , or CH 2 CH 3 ;

R 12 is H, CH 3 , or CH 2 CH 3 ; and

j is 0 or 1.

14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent and a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

15. A method for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in a patient in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the patient suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, skin cancer, and stomach cancer.

17. A compound of formula (XIX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein:

R 5 and R 6 , taken together with the N atom and C atom to which they are attached, form N═C;

L is —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —;

Y 5 is CH;

q is 1;

Y 1 is CH or N;

Y 2 is CH or N;

R 19 is H or (CH 2 ) t NR 20 R 21 ;

R 20 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

R 21 is H or C 1-6 alkyl;

p is 0;

t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

R 22 is (CH 2 ) j NR 11 R 12 ;

R 11 is H;

R 12 is H; and

j is 0.