Process for improving fly ash quality, improved fly ash, and cementitious compositions containing improved fly ash
A non-conforming (or barely conforming) fly ash is converted into conforming (or better conforming) fly ash by: (1) obtaining an initial fly ash with at least one non-conforming (or barely conforming) characteristic selected from excess carbon content, low strength activity index, or low SAF as defined by ASTM C-618 and having a D10, D50 and D90; (2) classifying the initial fly ash using one or more air classifiers to produce at least two separate fly ash streams, including fine fly ash and coarse fly ash; (3) collecting the fine fly ash and the coarse fly ash, the fine fly ash having a D90 less than the D90 of the initial fly ash; (4) combining the fine fly ash with an aluminosilicate source to form a modified fly ash having a conforming carbon content, a conforming reactivity index, and a conforming SAF as defined by ASTM C-618.
1. A method of improving at least one quality characteristic of fly ash, comprising:
obtaining an initial fly ash having an initial loss on ignition (LOI), an initial strength activity index, and an initial combined silica, alumina, and ferric oxide content (SAF) as defined by ASTM C-618 and having a D90;
classifying the initial fly ash using one or more classifiers to produce at least two separate fly ash streams, including a fine fly ash stream and a coarse fly ash stream, in which the fine fly ash stream has a D90 less than the D90 of the initial fly ash; and
blending the fine fly ash stream with an aluminosilicate source to form a modified fly ash having at least one higher quality characteristic compared to the initial fly ash selected from lower LOI, higher strength activity index, and higher SAF as defined by ASTM C-618.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate source comprises a natural pozzolan.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan comprises volcanic ash.
4. The method of claim 1 , the initial fly ash having an LOI greater than 6.0% and the modified fly ash having an LOI of less than 6.0%.
5. The method of claim 1 , the initial fly ash having a strength activity index as defined by ASTM C-618 of less than 75% and the modified fly ash having a strength activity index as defined by ASTM C-618 of at least 75%.
6. The method of claim 1 , the initial fly ash having an SAF of less than 70% and the modified fly ash having an SAF of at least 70%.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising blending the modified fly ash with hydraulic cement to form a dry cementitious binder blend.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adding a sulfate source.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adding supplemental lime.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising using the dry cementitious binder blend to make at least one of bagged cement, bagged concrete, bagged mortar, or bagged grout.
11. A method of manufacturing a cementitious mixture, comprising
obtaining a modified fly ash made according to claim 1 ;
combining the modified fly ash with hydraulic cement and water to form the cementitious mixture.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising adding at least one aggregate to the cementitious mixture.
13. A method of improving at least one quality characteristic of fly ash, comprising:
obtaining an initial fly ash having an initial strength activity index and an initial SAF as defined by ASTM C-618 and having a D90;
classifying the initial fly ash using one or more classifiers to produce at least two separate fly ash streams, including a fine fly ash stream and a coarse fly ash stream, in which the fine fly ash stream has a D90 less than the D90 of the initial fly ash; and
blending the fine fly ash stream with an aluminosilicate source to form a modified fly ash having at least one higher quality characteristic compared to the initial fly ash selected from higher strength activity index and higher SAF as defined by ASTM C-618.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the aluminosilicate source comprises a natural pozzolan.
15. The method of claim 13 , the initial fly ash having at least one non-conforming characteristic selected from a strength activity index of less than 75% and an SAF of less than 70%, and the modified fly ash having strength activity index of at least 75% and an SAF of at least 70%.
16. A method of improving at least one quality characteristic of fly ash, comprising:
obtaining an initial fly ash having an initial SAF as defined by ASTM C-618 and having a D90;
classifying the initial fly ash using one or more classifiers to produce at least two separate fly ash streams, including a fine fly ash stream and a coarse fly ash stream, in which the fine fly ash stream has a D90 less than the D90 of the initial fly ash; and
blending the fine fly ash stream with a natural pozzolan to form a modified fly ash having an SAF of at least 70% as defined by ASTM C-618.
17. The method of claim 16 , the initial fly ash having an SAF of less than 70%.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising blending the modified fly ash with hydraulic cement to form a dry cementitious binder blend.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising using the dry cementitious binder blend to make at least one of bagged cement, bagged concrete, bagged mortar, or bagged grout.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the natural pozzolan comprises a volcanic material.