Display device and system
A display device having a viewing window on a viewing plane is described. The display device comprises a picture generating unit, a first waveguide pupil expander and a second waveguide pupil expander. The picture generating unit is arranged to display a picture on a display plane. The picture is a holographic reconstruction formed from a hologram of the picture. The first waveguide pupil expander comprises an input port arranged to receive light of the picture and to expand a first exit pupil thereof in a first dimension. The second waveguide pupil expander comprises an input port arranged to receive light of the picture and to expand a second exit pupil thereof in the first dimension. The first dimension corresponds to a dimension of the viewing window. A method of expanding a viewing window of a display device is also described.
1. A display device having a viewing window on a viewing plane, wherein the display device comprises:
a first picture generating unit arranged to display a picture on a display plane, wherein the picture is a holographic reconstruction formed from a hologram of the picture; and
a pupil expander comprising a first waveguide pupil expander and a second waveguide pupil expander, wherein each of the first and second waveguide pupil expanders comprises a pair of parallel reflective surfaces arranged to guide received light from an input port to an exit pupil by a series of internal reflections, wherein a first reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is partially transmissive along a length of the first reflective surface and partially reflective and a second reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is fully reflective of the received light;
wherein the first waveguide pupil expander comprises a first input port arranged to receive light of the picture from the first picture generating unit, wherein the first waveguide pupil expander is arranged to replicate the received light of the picture in order to expand a first exit pupil at the first reflective surface thereof in a first dimension, wherein the first dimension corresponds to a dimension of the viewing window;
wherein the second waveguide pupil expander comprises a second input port arranged to receive light of the picture from the first picture generating unit, wherein the second waveguide pupil expander is arranged to replicate the received light of the picture in order to expand a second exit pupil thereof in the first dimension;
wherein the viewing window comprises the expanded exit pupil of the first waveguide pupil expander and the expanded exit pupil of the second waveguide pupil such that the expanded exit pupil of the first waveguide pupil expander and the expanded exit pupil of the second waveguide pupil expander form a continuous viewing window; and
wherein each of the first waveguide pupil expander and the second waveguide pupil expander is arranged at an angle less than 90° with respect to the viewing plane, and
wherein the first waveguide pupil expander and the second waveguide pupil expander are abutted against one another or together form a single unitary structure.
2. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first waveguide pupil expander is arranged to expand the first exit pupil in a first sub-area of the viewing window and the second waveguide pupil expander is arranged to expand the second exit pupil in a second sub-area of the viewing window that is contiguous with the first sub-area of the viewing window.
3. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein a first reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is partially transmissive and partially reflective of the received light and a second reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is fully reflective of the received light.
4. A display device as claimed in claim 3 wherein the first exit pupil is formed at the first reflective surface of the first waveguide pupil expander, and the second exit pupil expander is formed at the second reflective surface of the second waveguide pupil.
5. A display device as claimed in claim 3 wherein the reflectivity of the first reflective surface of each of the first and second waveguide pupil expanders is graded along the length thereof.
6. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pair of parallel reflective surfaces comprises a pair of parallel reflective surfaces of an optically transparent solid material or a pair of parallel mirrors separated by an air gap.
7. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the first waveguide pupil expander is arranged to replicate the received light of the picture in order to expand the first exit pupil thereof in a first direction; and
the second waveguide pupil expander is arranged to replicate the received light of the picture in order to expand the second exit pupil thereof in a second direction, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
8. A display device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the viewing window is expanded in the first dimension of the viewing plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction.
9. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first waveguide pupil expander and second waveguide pupil expander are adjoining.
10. A display device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the first input port and the second input port of form a continuous input port that faces the display plane.
11. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the first waveguide pupil expander comprises a slab of transparent solid material comprising first and second reflective side surfaces and first and second end surfaces, wherein the first input port is formed adjacent the first end surface; and
the second waveguide pupil expander comprises a slab of transparent solid material comprising first and second reflective side surfaces and first and second end surfaces, wherein the second input port is formed adjacent the first end surface.
12. A display device as claimed in claim 11 wherein the first end surface of the first waveguide pupil expander abuts the first end surface of the second waveguide pupil expander.
13. A display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the display plane is a display screen such as a diffuse screen.
14. A display device as claimed in claim 1 arranged in one of a direct view configuration and an indirect view configuration.
15. A head-up display comprising the display device of claim 1 .
16. A display device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the input port of the first waveguide pupil expander is adjacent to the input port of the second waveguide pupil expander to form a common input port.
17. A display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pupil expander is arranged such that the first and second input port are arranged to receive the same picture content.
18. A display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pupil expander is arranged such that the first and second pupil expander output diverging light.
19. The head-up display of claim 15 , disposed in a car, the head-up display being arranged to use a windscreen of the car as a combiner.
20. A method of expanding a viewing window on a viewing plane of a display device, the method comprising:
displaying a picture on a display plane, wherein the picture is a holographic reconstruction formed from a hologram of the picture;
receiving, by a first waveguide expander of a pupil expander, light of the displayed picture at a first input port so that the first waveguide pupil expander replicates the received light of the picture in order to expand an exit pupil thereof in a first dimension, wherein the first dimension corresponds to a dimension of the viewing window; and
receiving, by a second waveguide expander of the pupil expander, light of the displayed picture at a second input port so that the second waveguide pupil expander replicates the received light of the picture in order to expand an exit pupil thereof in the first dimension,
wherein the viewing window comprises the expanded exit pupil of the first waveguide pupil expander and the expanded exit pupil of the second waveguide pupil such that the expanded exit pupil of the first waveguide pupil expander and the expanded exit pupil of the second waveguide pupil expander form a continuous viewing window; and
wherein each of the first and second waveguide pupil expanders comprises a pair of parallel reflective surfaces arranged to guide received light from the respective input port to an exit pupil by a series of internal reflections, wherein a first reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is partially transmissive along a length of the first reflective surface and partially reflective and a second reflective surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is fully reflective of the received light; and wherein the first exit pupil is expanded at the first reflective surface and the second exit pupil is expanded at the second reflective surface; and
wherein the first waveguide pupil expander and the second waveguide pupil expander are abutted against one another or together form a single unitary structure.