Transducer for non-invasive measurement
A transducer for non-invasive measurement includes: a shear-type piezoelectric element; and a host material. The shear-type piezoelectric element is mounted to a first face of the host material. A second face of the host material is mountable to a wall of a vessel that holds a liquid. When the second face of the host material is mounted to the wall of the vessel, the transducer when activated at an activation frequency launches a Lamb wave into the wall of the vessel. The transducer is designed such that a phase velocity of the Lamb wave in the wall of the vessel is greater than a speed of sound in the liquid held by the vessel.
1. A non-invasive fluid parameter measurement transducer, comprising:
a shear-type piezoelectric element configured for non-invasive measurement of a plurality of fluid parameters; and
a host material,
wherein the shear-type piezoelectric element is mounted to a first face of the host material,
wherein a second face of the host material is configured to be mounted to a wall of a vessel configured to hold a liquid,
wherein when the second face of the host material is mounted to the wall of the vessel, the transducer when activated at an activation frequency is configured to launch a Lamb wave into the wall of the vessel and launch a leaky Lamb wave into the liquid,
wherein the transducer is configured such that a phase velocity of the Lamb wave in the wall of the vessel is greater than a speed of sound in the liquid held by the vessel so as to excite ultrasonic waves for the non-invasive measurement of the plurality of fluid parameters,
wherein the activation frequency is selected on a basis of a thickness of the wall of the vessel,
wherein a face of the piezoelectric element is attached to the first face of the host material,
wherein a dimension of the face of the shear-type piezoelectric element is greater than a thickness of the shear-type piezoelectric element perpendicular to the face of the shear-type piezoelectric element, and
wherein a direction of propagation of the leaky Lamb wave is based at least in part on the thickness of the shear-type piezoelectric element.
2. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the host material comprises polyamide.
3. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric element comprises a single ceramic shear-type piezoelectric element.
4. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the transducer is configured such that the phase velocity of the Lamb wave in the wall of the vessel is greater than the speed of sound in the shear-type piezoelectric element.
5. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the transducer is configured such that the phase velocity of the Lamb wave in the wall of the vessel is greater than a speed of transverse waves in the host material.
6. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the shear-type piezoelectric element is based at least in part on the activation frequency.
7. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a dimension of the shear-type piezoelectric element is based at least in part on the activation frequency.
8. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a direction of propagation of the leaky Lamb wave is based at least in part on a dimension of the face of the shear-type piezoelectric element.
9. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a change of the activation frequency leads to a change of the direction of propagation of the leaky Lamb wave so as to achieve an adaptable transducer.
10. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the first face of the host material is angled to the second face of the host material.
11. A non-invasive fluid parameter measurement method, comprising:
a) mounting a transducer to a vessel containing liquid, the transducer comprising a shear-type piezoelectric element configured for non-invasive measurement of a plurality of fluid parameters and a host material, the shear-type piezoelectric element being mounted to a first face of a host material, and a second face of the host material being mounted to a wall of the vessel; and
b) activating the transducer at an activation frequency to launch a Lamb wave into the wall of the vessel and launch a leaky Lamb wave into the liquid, a phase velocity of the Lamb wave in the wall of the vessel being greater than the speed of sound in the liquid held by the vessel so as to excite ultrasonic waves for the non-invasive measurement of the plurality of fluid parameters,
wherein the activation frequency is selected on a basis of a thickness of the wall of the vessel,
wherein a face of the piezoelectric element is attached to the first face of the host material,
wherein a dimension of the face of the shear-type piezoelectric element is greater than a thickness of the shear-type piezoelectric element perpendicular to the face of the shear-type piezoelectric element, and
wherein a direction of propagation of the leaky Lamb wave is based at least in part on the thickness of the shear-type piezoelectric element.