Composition of (D)-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-beta-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol
A composition containing (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid (D-BHB), (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid (D-BHV), and (D)-1,3 butanediol (D-1,3BD) is disclosed. Examples include a composition of between 85% and 25% D-BHB, with 15% to 75% D-1,3BD where the proportion of D-BHB to D-BHV acid may be between 1.0 to 0 and 0.7 to 0.3. Exemplary compositions may be incorporated into food, supplement, and beverage products.
1. A composition comprising:
25% to 85% by weight of a mixture of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid where the molar ratio of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid to (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid is between 1.0 to 0.01 and 0.7 to 0.3; and
15% to 75% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:
a consumable carrier.
3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 3:7 to 7:3.
4. The composition of claim 1 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 4:6 to 6:4.
5. The composition of claim 1 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 3 to 7:0.01 to 1:7 to 3.
6. The composition of claim 1 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 4 to 6:0.1 to 0.8:6 to 5.
7. The composition of claim 1 , comprising 30% to 65% by weight of a mixture of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid and 35% to 70% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
8. The composition of claim 1 , comprising 30% to 65% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 5% to 26% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 9% to 65% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
9. The composition of claim 1 , comprising 40% to 60% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 1% to 15% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 25% to 59% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free of salts of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free of esters of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 5% of the D)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, the (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, or both, are in the form of a magnesium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, or combination thereof.
13. A method of elevating circulating ketone levels by at least 1.4 mM in a human subject within 2 hours of administration comprising administering the composition of claim 1 containing at least 10 grams of a combination of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-1,3 butanediol to the human subject.
14. A method of providing one or more beverages or food products for elevating circulating ketone levels in a human subject by at least 0.5 mM comprising:
preparing one or more beverages or food products comprising at least 5 grams per serving of the composition of claim 1 .
15. The method of claim 14 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 4:6 to 6:4.
16. The method of claim 14 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a molar ratio range of 4 to 6:0.1 to 0.8:6 to 5.
17. The method of claim 14 , comprising 30% to 65% by weight of a mixture of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid and 35% to 70% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
18. The method of claim 14 , comprising 30% to 65% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 5% to 26% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 9% to 65% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
19. The method of claim 14 , comprising 40% to 60% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 1% to 15% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 25% to 59% by weight of (D)-1,3 butanediol.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein each of the one or more beverages or food products comprises 3 to 7 grams of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 0.1 to 3 grams of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 0.5 to 8 grams of (D)-1,3 butanediol and 100 to 250 grams of a consumable carrier, per serving.
21. The method of claim 14 , wherein each of the one or more beverages or food products comprises water or carbonated water, a flavoring agent, and a sweetener.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the sweetener is a sugar alcohol, stevia, allulose, monk fruit, or a combination thereof.
23. The beverage of claim 14 , comprising (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and (D)-1,3 butanediol in a mixture having a ratio of 18 to 26:0.5 to 3:20 to 30, wherein said beverage comprises said mixture in a ratio of 1:8 to 11 to water or carbonated water.
24. The beverage of claim 23 , comprising the mixture in a ratio of 1:0.05 to 0.12 to a flavoring agent.
25. The beverage of claim 23 , comprising the mixture in a ratio of 1:0.6 to 1.2 to the sweetener.
26. A beverage or food product comprising, per serving, 3 to 7 grams of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, 0.1 to 3 grams of (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid, and 0.5 to 8 grams of (D)-1,3 butanediol and 100 to 250 grams of a consumable carrier.
27. The beverage or food product of claim 26 , wherein the consumable carrier comprises water or carbonated water, a flavoring agent, and a sweetener.
28. The beverage or food product of claim 27 , wherein the sweetener is a sugar alcohol, stevia, allulose, monk fruit, or a combination thereof.
29. A method for increasing ketotic efficiency in a human body comprising:
administering a combination of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid and (D)-1,3 butanediol, in a (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid to (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid ratio of 1.0 to 0.01 and 0.7 to 0.3, wherein the ketotic efficiency according to formula I
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[Formula I] in the human subject is at least 40% higher than the administration of an equivalent weight of either (D)-β-hydroxybutyrate or (D)-1,3 butanediol alone at one hour after administration.
30. A method of elevating circulating ketone levels in a human subject by at least 0.5 mM comprising:
simultaneously or sequentially administering at least 5 grams of a combination of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric, and (D)-1,3 butanediol, wherein the simultaneously or sequentially administered combination comprises between 25% and 85% by weight of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid where the proportion of (D)-β-hydroxybutyric acid to (D)-β-hydroxyvaleric acid is between 1.0 to 0.01 and 0.7 to 0.3; and between 75% and 15% by weight (D)-1,3 butanediol.